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Medizinischen
Fachgesellschaften

Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderchirurgie (federführend)
der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie
der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin


 AWMF-Leitlinien-Register  Nr. 006/022   Entwicklungsstufe:  2k 

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Hodenhochstand - Maldeszensus testis

Formen

Behandlungsziel

Genetische Aspekte

Diagnostik

Geplante Zeitabläufe für die Therapie

Hormontherapie

Hodenbiopsie

Operative Therapie

Besondere Situationen

Komplikationen nach Orchidopexie

Nachsorge


Literatur

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  2. Albers N (2005) Konservative Therapie des Hodenhochstandes. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkd 153:436-443
  3. AWMF-Leitlinienregister Nr.043/019; Leitlinie zur Diagnostik des Hodentumors, in Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie. www.leitlinien.net (08.01.2007)
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  5. Blaut S, Steinbach F, Tittel B, Dürig E (2008) Torsion of the spermatic cord after prophylactic orchidopexy. Aktuelle Urol 39 (2):147-149
  6. Canavese F, Cortese M G, Magro P, Lonati L, Teruzzi E, de Sanctis C, Lala R (1998) Cryptorchidism: medical and surgical treatment in the 1st year of life. Pediatr Surg Int 14 :2-5
  7. Chang B, Palmer L S, Franco I (2001) Laparoscopic orchidopexy: a review of a large series. Br J Urol 87:490-493
  8. Christiansen P, Andersson A M, Skakkebaek N E, Juul A (2002) Serum inhibin B, FSH, LH and testosterone levels before and after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism. Eur J Endocrin 147:95-101
  9. Cortes D, Thorup J, Visfeldt J (2000) Hormonal treatment may harm the germ cells in 1 to 3-year-old boys with cryptorchidism. J Urol 163:1290-1292
  10. Docimo S G (1995) The results of surgical therapy for cryptorchidism: A literature review and analysis. J Urol 154: 1148-1152
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  12. Elder J (2002) Ultrasonography is unnecessary in evaluating boys with a nonpalpable testis. Pediatrics 110:748-751
  13. Esposito C, Garipoli V (1997) The value of 2-step laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy for intra-abdominal testes. J Urol 158:1952-1954
  14. Foresta C, Ferlin A (2004) Role of INSL3 and LGR8 in cryptorchidism and testicular functions. Reprod Biomed Online 9 (3):294-8
  15. Fowler R, Stephens FD (1959) The role of testicular vascular anatomy in the salvage of high undescended testes. Aust NZ J Surg 29: 92-106
  16. Grüters A (2005) Entwicklung und Entwicklungsstörungen der Hoden. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkd 153:424-429
  17. Hadziselimovic F (1983) Cryptorchidism: Management and implications. Springer, Berlin
  18. Hadziselimovic F (2002) Cryptorchidism, its impact on male fertility. Eur Urol 41:121-123
  19. Hadziselimovic F, Herzog B (1990) Hodenerkrankungen im Kindesalter. Hippokrates-Verlag, Stuttgart
  20. Hadziselimovic F, Herzog B (2001) The importance of both an early orchidopexy and germ cell maturation for fertility. Lancet 358:1156-1157
  21. Hadziselimovic F, Zivkovic D, Bica DTG, Emmons LR (2005) The importance of minipuberty for fertility in cryptorchidism. J Urol 174: 1536-1539
  22. Henna MR, Del Nero RG, Zugaiar SSC, Atallah AN, Schettini ST, Castro AA et al. (2004) Hormonal cryptorchidism therapy: systematic review with metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials. Pediatr Surg Int 20:357-359
  23. Herrinton L J, Zhao W, Husson G (2003) Management of Cryptorchidism and Risk of Testicular Cancer. Am J Epidemiol 157:602-605
  24. Hiort O, Wünsch L, Holterhus P-M (2005) Differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen beim Hodenhochstand. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkd 153:430-435
  25. Huff DS, Hadziselimovic F, Snyder HM III, Duckett JW, Keating MA (1989) Postnatal testicular maldevelopment in unilateral cryptorchidism. J Urol 142:546-548
  26. Huff D S, Fenig D M, Canning D A, Carr M C, Zderic S A, Snyder H M (2001) Abnormal Germ Cell Development in Cryptorchidism. Horm Res 55:11-17
  27. Huff D S, Snyder H M 3rd, Rusnack S L, Zderic S A, Carr M C, Canning D A (2001) Hormonal therapy for the subfertility of cryptorchidism. Horm Res 55:38-40
  28. Hutson J M (2007) Treatment of undescended testes – time for a change in European traditions. Acta paediatrica 96: 608-610
  29. Hutson J M, Hasthorpe S, Heyns C F (1997) Anatomical and functional Aspects of testicular descent and cryptorchidism. Endocr Rev 18: 259-280
  30. Kanemoto K, Hayashi Y, Kojima Y, Maruyama T, Ito M, Kohri K (2005) Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of non-palpable testis. Int J Urol 12: 668-672
  31. Kass E (1996) Timing of Elective Surgery on the Genitalia of Male Children. Pediatrics 97 (4): 590-594
  32. Koff SA, Sethi PS (1996) Treatment of high undescended testis by low spermatic vessel ligation: an alternative to Fowler-Stephens Technique. J Urol 156:799-803
  33. Köhler B, Schuhmacher V, Schulte-Overberg U, Biewald W, Lennert T, l’Allemand D, Royer-Pokora B, Grüters A (1999) Bilateral Wilms tumor in a boy with severe hypospadias and cryptorchidism due to a heterozygous mutation in the WT1 gene. Pediatr Res. 45:187-90
  34. Krause W, Bohring C (2002) Inhibin B als Marker der Spermatogenese. Hautarzt 53:5-10
  35. Kryptorchismus in www.kinderchirurgie.ch/ (manual/urogenitalsystem/männl. Genitale) (externer Link)
  36. Kubini K, Zachmann M, Albers N, Hiort O, Bettendorf M, Wölfle J, Bidlingmaier F, Klingmüller D (2000) Basal inhibin B and the testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin correlate in prepubertal boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:134- 138
  37. Lala R, Matarazzo P, Chiabotto P, de Sanctis C, Canavese F, Hadziselimovic F. (1993) Combined therapy with LHRH and HCG in cryptorchid infants. Eur J Pediatr 152, Suppl 2:S31-S33
  38. Lamesch A J (1994) Monorchidism or unilateral anorchidism. Langenbecks Arch Chir 379: 105-108
  39. Latal D, Hienert G (1989) Significance of preventive orchidopexy of the contralateral testis following testicular torsion. Z Urol Nephrol 82 (8): 425-7
  40. Lindgren B W, Franco I, Blick S, Levitt S B, Brock W A, Palmer L S, Friedman S C, Reda E F (1999) Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy for the high abdominal testis. J Urol 162:990-994
  41. Manak E, Waldschmidt J, Albrecht T, Wolf K J (2002) Ultrasound examination of paediatric testicles after laparoscopic laser dissection of internal testicular vessels in cryptorchidism. Eur J Pediatr Surg 12:322-326
  42. McAleer I M, Packer M G, Kaplan G W, Scherz H C, Krous H F, Billman G F (1995) Fertility Index Analysis In Cryptorchidism. J Urol 153: 1255-1258
  43. Melchior D, Kaefer M, Eugster E, Havlik R (2002) A novel microvascular approach to treatment of the high undescended testicle. J Pediatr Surg 37:1501-1503
  44. Minninberg DT, Rodger JC, Bedford JM (1982) Ultrastructural evidence of the onset of testicular pathological conditions in the cryptorchid human testis within the first year of life. J Urol 128: 724-8
  45. Ong C, Hasthorpe S, Hutson JM (2005) Germ cell development in the descended and cryptorchid testis and the effects of hormonal manipulation. Pediatr Surg Int 21:240-254
  46. Pyorälä S, Huttunen NP, Uhari M (1995) A review and Metaanalysis of hormonal treatment of cryptorchidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80: 2795-2799
  47. Ritzen E M, Bergh A, Bjerknes R, Christiansen P, Cortes D, Haugen S E, Jörgensen N, Kollin C, Lindahl S, Läckgren G, Main K M, Nordenskjold A, Rajpertde Meyts E, Söder O, Taskinen S, Thorsson A, Thorup J, Toppari J, Virtanen H (2007) Nordic consensus on treatment of undescended testes. Acta paediatrica 96:638-643
  48. Rokitansky A M (2005) Chirurgische Therapie des Hodenhochstands. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkd 153:444-450
  49. Rose A, Sperling H, Steffens J, Lümmen G, Hauffa B, Rohrmann D, Conrad S, Hoyer P, Rübben H (2006) Multimodale Therapie des Maldeszensus testis. Urologe 2006 [Sonderheft] 45:214-218
  50. Schleef J, v. Bismarck S, Burmucic K, Gutmann A, Mayr J (2002) Groin exploration for nonpalpable testes: laparoscopic approach. J Pediatr Surg 11:1552-1555
  51. Schwentner C, Oswald J, Kreczy A, Lunacek A, Bartsch G, Deibl M, Radmayr C (2005) Neoadjuvant Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon Therapy before surgery may improve the fertility index in undescended testes: a prospective randomized trial. J Urol 173:974-977
  52. Siemer S, Humke U, Uder M, Hildebrandt U, Karadiakos N, Ziegler M (2000) Diagnosis of nonpalpable testes in childhood: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and laparoscopy in a prospective study. Eur J Pediatr Surg 10:114-118
  53. Strittmatter T (2001) Testicular Autotransplantation – The Mönchengladbach Experience. Horm Res 2001 ; 55 :52
  54. Thorup J, Haugen S, Kollin C, Lindahl S, Läckgren G, Nordenskjold A, Taskinen S (2007) Surgical treatment of undescended testes. Acta paediatrica 96:631-637
  55. Uhl M, Zimmerhackl L B, Frankenschmidt A, Laubenberger J, Langer M (1997) Krytorchismusdiagnostik mittels MRT. Monatsschrift Kinderheilk 145:1304-1306
  56. Weidner W, Miller J, Schroeder-Printzen I, Rascher W (1996) Kryptorchismus – eine Betrachtung aus andrologischer Sicht. Urologe (A)35: 111-114
  57. Wenzler D L, Bloom D A, Park J M (2004) What is the rate of spontaneous testicular descent in infants with cryptorchidism? J Urol 171:849-851
  58. Williams E V, Appanna T, Foster M E (2001) Management of the impalpable testis: a six year review together with a national experience. Postgrad Med J 77:320-322
  59. Yamaguchi T, Kitada S, Osada Y (1991) Chromosomal anomalies in cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Urol Int 47:60-63


Verfahren zur Konsensbildung:

Erstellungsdatum:

03/1999

Letzte Überarbeitung:

01/2009

Nächste Überprüfung geplant:

2011


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