List of Terms

document, date: 2001/01/17
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 

A

Term: Abbreviation:
A5 noradrenaline cells A5
A8 dopamine cells /retrorubral field A8/RRF
abducens nerve or its root 6n
abducens nucleus 6N
accessory abducens nucleus Acs6
accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus AB
accessory facial nucleus Acs7
accessory neurosecretory (hypothalamic) nuclei (cell groups) ANC
accessory nucleus, spinal root 11Sp
accessory trigeminal nucleus Acs5
accumbens nucleus Acb
accumbens nucleus, caudate fundus region, see caudate fundus FCd
accumbens nucleus, centrolateral part AcCL
accumbens nucleus, centromedial part AcCM
accumbens nucleus, core AcbC
accumbens nucleus, putaminal fundus region see fundus FPu
accumbens nucleus, shell AcbSh
accumbens nucleus, subventricular part AcSV
acoustic radiation ar
acoustic stria as
adenohypophysis see anterior pituitary APit
adolfactory area AOlf
adrenal gland Adr
agranular insular cortex AIn
alar ligament of dens alal
allocortex All
alveolar process of maxilla Alv
alveus of the hippocampus alv
ambiens gyrus AG
ambiguus nucleus Amb
amiculum of dentate nucleus amidt
amiculum of inferior olive ami
Ammon's horn CA
ampulla of anterior semicircular duct AntA
ampulla of horizontal semicircular duct HorA
ampulla of posterior semicircular duct PostA
ampulla of semicircular duct ?
amygdala Amg
amygdalar terminal island(s) ATI
amygdaloclaustral transition area ACl
amygdalohippocampal (transition) area AHi
amygdalohippocampal area, magnocellular part AHiMC
amygdalohippocampal area, posteromedial part AHiPM
amygdaloid body see amygdala Amg
amygdaloid fissure af
amygdaloid intramedullary gray IMG
amygdaloid island(s), extended amygdala AI
amygdaloid nucleus A
amygdaloparahippocampal transition area PHA
amygdalopiriform transition area APir
Andreas Retzius gyrus ARG
angular artery ang
angular gyrus AnG
angular part of the diagonal band nucleus ADB
angular sulcus angs
angular vein angv
ansa cervicalis ancer
ansa lenticularis al
ansa peduncularis ap
ansoparamedian fissure apmf
anterior amygdaloid area AAA
anterior amygdaloid area, dorsal part AAD
anterior amygdaloid area, ventral part AAV
anterior amygdaloid nucleus AA
anterior arch of atlas AAT
anterior calcarine sulcus acs
anterior cerebral artery acer
anterior cervical intertransversarii muscle ACeIT
anterior cervical muscle ACeM
anterior cingulate area, see frontal limbic area FLA
anterior cingulate gyrus ACG
anterior clinoid process AClP
anterior column of fornix afx
anterior commissure ac
anterior commissure, anterior part aca
anterior commissure, olfactory limb aco
anterior commissure, posterior part acp
anterior communicating artery acom
anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus ACo
anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal part ACoD
anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part ACoV
anterior facial vein afv
anterior forceps see forceps minor fmi
anterior hypothalamic area AH
anterior hypothalamic area, anterior part AHA
anterior hypothalamic area, central part AHC
anterior hypothalamic area, posterior part AHP
anterior hypothalamic nucleus AHy
anterior hypothalamic nucleus, central part AHyC
anterior hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part AHyD
anterior inferior cerebellar artery aica
anterior jugular vein ajugv
anterior limb of internal capsule aic
anterior lobe of the pituitary APit
anterior longitudinal ligament all
anterior median fissure amf
anterior meningeal artery ama
anterior middle temporal sulcus amt
anterior occipital sulcus aos
anterior olfactory nucleus (retrobulbar region) AO
anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part AOL
anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part AOM
anterior parolfactory sulcus aps
anterior perforated substance APS
anterior preoptic nucleus APO
anterior pretectal nucleus APT
anterior rectus capitis muscle AReCa
anterior scalenus muscle AScal
anterior semicircular duct Ant
anterior spinal artery aspa
anterior superior alveolar artery asaa
anterior superior alveolar nerve asan
anterior thalamic nucleus ATh
anterodorsal thalamic nucleus AD
anterodorsal thalamic nucleus AD
anterolateral system als
anteromedial thalamic nucleus AM
anteromedial thalamic nucleus AM
anteromedial thalamic nucleus, ventral part AMV
anteroprincipal thalamic nucleus anteroventral thalamic nucleus AV
anteroventral thalamic nucleus see AV
aortic arch aa
apical ligament of dens ald
arachnoid granulations argr
arbor vitae arbv
arcuate eminence of the petrosal part of the temporal bone ArcE
arcuate fasciculus arc
arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Arc
arcuate nucleus, dorsal part ArcD
arcuate nucleus, lateral part ArcL
arcuate nucleus, medial part ArcM
area 10 of cortex 10
area 10 of cortex, dorsal part 10D
area 10 of cortex, lateral part 10L
area 10 of cortex, ventral part 10V
area 11 of cortex 11
area 11 of cortex, lateral part 11L
area 13 of cortex 13
area 13 of cortex, lateral part 13L
area 13 of cortex, medial part 13M
area 13a of cortex 13a
area 14 of cortex, medial part 14M
area 2 of cortex (somatosensory) 2
area 23a of cortex 23a
area 23b of cortex 23b
area 23c of cortex 23c
area 23d of cortex 23d
area 24/23 of cortex 24/23
area 24/23a of cortex 24/23a
area 24/23b of cortex 24/23b
area 24/23c of cortex 24/23c
area 24a of cortex 24a
area 24b of cortex 24b
area 24c of cortex 24c
area 24d of cortex 24d
area 25 of cortex 25
area 29 of cortex 29
area 29a of cortex 29a
area 29a-c of cortex 29a-c
area 29a-d of cortex 29a-d
area 29d of cortex 29d
area 31 of cortex 31
area 32 of cortex 32
area 35 of cortex 35
area 36 of cortex 36
area 3a of cortex (somatosensory) 3a
area 3b of cortex (somatosensory) 3b
area 4 of cortex (primary motor) 4
area 44 of cortex 44
area 45A of cortex 45A
area 45B of cortex 45B
area 46 of cortex 46
area 46V of cortex 46V
area 47 (old 12) of cortex, lateral part 47(12)L
area 47 (old 12) of cortex, orbital part 47(12)O
area 47 of cortex 47
area 47 of cortex (old 12) 47(12)
area 4C of cortex 4C
area 5 of cortex 5
area 6 of cortex, dorsocaudal part 6DC
area 6 of cortex, medial (supplementary motor) part 6M
area 6 of cortex, ventral part 6V
area 6 of cortex, ventral part, caudal division 6VC
area 6 of cortex, ventral part, rostral division 6VR
area 6 of cortex, ventral part, ventral subdivision 6VV
area 8 of cortex, anterodorsal part 8AD
area 8 of cortex, anteroventral part 8AV
area 8/32 of cortex 8/32
area 8A of cortex 8A
area 8B of cortex 8B
area 9 of cortex, medial part 9M
area 9/32 of cortex 9/32
area 9/36 of cortex 9/36
area 9/46 of cortex, ventral part 9/46V
area 9/4b of cortex 9/4b
area PGM/31 of cortex PGM/31
Area postrema AP
area ProM (promotor) ProM
area TL (area 36) TL(36)
area TL, occipital part TLO
areas 2/1 of cortex (somatosensory) 2/1
artery a
articular disc of temporo-mandibular joint, see also temporomandibular disc Disc
articular tubercle (of TMJ) ATub
aryepiglotticus muscle AryE
arytenoid cartilage of the larynx Ary
arytenoid muscle AryM
ascending cervical artery ace
ascending facial nerve asc7n
ascending fibers of the facial nerve asc7
ascending palatine artery apal
ascending pharyngeal artery aph
atlanto axial joint AtAxJ
atlanto occipital joint AtOcJ
atlanto occipital membrane AtOcM
atlas (C1 vertebra) Atlas
auditory koniocortex, lateral part AKL
auditory tube Aud
auditory tube cartilage AudC
auricular artery aur
auriculotemporal nerve aute
axillary artery axa
axillary vein axv
axis (C2 vertebra) Axis
azygos vein azy

 

B

B9 serotonin cells B9
band of Giacomini bG
basal amygdaloid nucleus BA
basal cistern BslCi
basal interstitial nucleus of inferior cerebellar peduncle BI
basal nucleus of Meynert B
basal nucleus, compact part BC
basal nucleus, diffuse part BD
basal nucleus, orodorsal extension BOD
basal telencephalon BTel
basal vein basv
basilar artery bas
basilar cistern BasCi
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus BL
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal part BLD
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, intermediate part BLI
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, paralaminar part BLPL
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, posterior part BLP
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part BLV
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part BLVL
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part BLVM
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus BM
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part BMA
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, magnocellular part BMMC
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, parvicellular part BMPC
bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract BAOT
bed nucleus of the anterior commissure BAC
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis BST
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central division BSTC
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, intraamygdaloid division BSTIA
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division BSTL
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, dorsal part BSTLD
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, intermediate part BSTLI
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, juxtacapsular part BSTLJ
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division BSTM
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, anterior part BSTMA
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posterior part BSTMP
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posterolateral part BSTMPL
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posteromedial part BSTMPM
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, ventral part BSTMV
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, posterior part BSTP
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, posterolateral part BSTPL
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, posteromedial part BSTPM
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, ventral division BSTV
bifurcation of common carotid artery bif
blood vessel bv
body of caudate nucleus BCd
body of fornix bfx
body of fornix bfx
body of hyoid bone BHy
body of mandible BMan
body of the corpus callosum bcc
brachial plexus bplx
brachiocephalic trunk brctr
brachiocephalic vein brcv
brachium of the inferior colliculus bic
brachium of the superior colliculus bsc
brachium pontis (stem of middle cerebellar peduncle) bp
buccal artery buc
buccal fat pad buf
buccal glands BucG
buccal nerve bucn
buccinator muscle BucM

 

C

CA1 field of the hippocampus CA1
CA2 field of the hippocampus CA2
CA3 field of the hippocampus CA3
calcar avis calc
calcarine artery cala
calcarine sulcus (fissure) ccs
callosal sulcus cas
callosomarginal sulcus cms
capsule of medial geniculate nucleus cmg
capsule of red nucleus cr
capsule of subthalamic nucleus csth
carotid body CtdB
carotid canal CtdC
carotid plexus cplx
carotid sheath CtdS
caudal linear nucleus of the raphe CLi
caudal part of vagus 10C
caudal periolivary nucleus CPO
caudate fundus FCd
caudate nucleus Cd
caudate putamen see striatum CPu
cavernous sinus cav
celiac artery cela
central amygdaloid nucleus Ce
central amygdaloid nucleus, capsular part CeC
central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral division CeL
central amygdaloid nucleus, medial division CeM
central artery of retina cret
central canal CC
central cervical nucleus CeCv
central gray of the pons CGPn
central gray, see periaqueductal gray PAG
central nucleus cen
central nucleus of the inferior colliculus CIC
central part (body) of lateral ventricle CVL
central preoptic nucleus see medial preoptic nucleus MPO
central sulcus cs
central tegmental tract ctg
centrolateral thalamic nucleus CeL
centromedial thalamic nucleus CenM
centromedian thalamic nucleus CM
centromedian thalamic nucleus CM
centromedian thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part CMMC
centromedian thalamic nucleus, parvocellular part CMPC
centromedian thalamic nucleus, ventral part CMV
cerebellar hemisphere CH
cerebellar lobule 6b
cerebellar lobule 6c
cerebellar lobule 1 Cb1
cerebellar lobule 10 Cb10
cerebellar lobule 11 Cb11
cerebellar lobule 12 Cb12
cerebellar lobule 2 Cb2
cerebellar lobule 3 Cb3
cerebellar lobule 5 Cb5
cerebellar lobule 6 Cb6
cerebellar lobule 7 Cb7
cerebellar lobule 9 Cb9
cerebellar white matter cwm
cerebello-medullary cistern CMCi
cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers crt
cerebellothalamic tract cbth
cerebellum Cb
cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) Aq
cerebral cortex Cx
cerebral peduncle cp
cerebro-cerebellar fissure ccbf
cervical artery cer
cervical interspinal muscle CISM
cervical nerve cern
cervical plexus cerpx
chorda tympani nerve cty
choroid artery cha
choroid plexus chp
choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle chp3V
choroid plexus of 4th ventricle chp4V
choroidal fissure chf
ciliary ganglion Cil
ciliary muscle CilM
cingulate cortex, area 1 Cg1
cingulate cortex, area 2 Cg2
cingulate gyrus CG
cingulate sulcus cgs
cingulum cg
circular insular sulcus cir
cistern Ci
claustrum Cl
clavicle Clav
cochlea Co
cochlear (spiral) ganglion CGn
cochlear duct CD
cochlear nucleus Coc
cochlear root of the vestibulocochlear nerve 8cn
collateral eminence coe
collateral sulcus cos
collateral trigone ctr
column of fornix see anterior column of fornix afx
comb system comb
commissural nucleus of the thalamus Com
commissure of fornix cfx
commissure of fornix cfx
commissure of the inferior colliculi cic
commissure of the lateral lemniscus cll
commissure of the superior colliculi csc
common anular tendon CAnT
common carotid artery cctd
common crus of anterior and posterior semicircular ducts CCrus
communicating artery ca
compact insular claustrum CoCl
compact interfascicular nucleus CIF
condylar process of mandible Con
confluence of sinuses cosi
constrictor of pharynx PhC
copula of the pyramis Cop
corona radiata cor
coronoid process of the mandible Cor
corpus callosum cc
corrugator cilii muscle CCil
corrugator supercilii muscle CSCil
cortex-amygdala transition zone CxA
cortical amygdaloid nucleus CoA
cortical layer I-VI I-VI
corticoamygdalar transition area CxA
corticohypothalamic tract chy
corticopontine fibers cpo
cortico-spinal (and -nuclear) tract csp
cribriform plate CrP
cricoarytenoid (lat., post.) muscle CrAr
cricothyroid muscle CrTh
crista galli CGal
crista of anterior ampulla CrAnt
cruciform sulcus crs
crus of fornix, see posterior crus pfx
cuneate fasciculus cu
cuneate nucleus Cu
cuneate nucleus, triangular part CuT
cuneate tubercle CuTu
cuneiform area CuA
cuneiform nucleus CnF
cuneo-cerebellar tract cucb
cuneus Cun

 

D

decussation of inferior cerebellar peduncle xicp
decussation of medial lemniscus xml
decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle xscp
decussation of trochlear nerve x4n
deep cervical artery dpc
deep cervical vein dpcv
deep gray layer of the superior colliculus DpG
deep lingual artery and vein dlg
deep masseter muscle DpMasM
deep mesencephalic nucleus DpMe
deep olfactory radiation dolf
deep petrosal nerve dpetn
deep temporal artery (arteries) dta
deep temporal nerve dtn
deep white layer of the superior colliculus DpWh
deltoid muscle DetM
dens axis DAx
dentate gyrus DG
dentate nucleus Dt
dentatorubral fibers dr
dentato-thalamic tract dt
depressor anguli oris muscle DpAO
depressor cilii muscle DPCil
depressor labii inferioris muscle DpLb
depressor supercilii muscle DpSCil
descending fibers of facial nerve 7dsc
descending palatine artery dpal
diagonal band db
diaphragma sellae DS
diencephalon Di
diffuse insular claustrum DiCl
digastric muscle DiT
digastric muscle ( ant. belly, post belly) DiM
diploic vein dip
dopaminergic cell group DA
dorolateral sulcus dls
dorsal (compact) insular claustrum DCl
dorsal (lateral) geniculate nucleus DLG
dorsal accessory olive DAO
dorsal acoustic stria das
dorsal claustrum DCl
dorsal cochlear nucleus DC
dorsal corticospinal tract dcs
dorsal endopiriform nucleus DEn
dorsal funiculus of spinal cord dfu
dorsal hippocampal commissure dhc
dorsal horn of spinal cord DH
dorsal hypothalamic area DHA
dorsal hypothalamic nucleus DHy
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus dlf
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve 10N
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, caudal part 10C
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, caudointermediate part 10CI
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, dorsorostral part 10DR
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, medial fringe 10MeF
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, ventrointermediate subnucleus 10VeI
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, ventrorostral subnucleus 10VeR
dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus 10DLL
dorsal paraflocculus DPFl
dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus DPGi
dorsal peduncular pontine nucleus DPPn
dorsal periolivary region DPO
dorsal periventricular hypothalamic nucleus DPe
dorsal raphe nucleus DR
dorsal raphe nucleus, caudal part DRC
dorsal raphe nucleus, dorsal part DRD
dorsal raphe nucleus, interfascicular part DRI
dorsal raphe nucleus, ventral part DRV
dorsal raphe nucleus, ventrolateral part DRVL
dorsal reticular nucleus DRt
dorsal root ganglion DRG
dorsal root of spinal cord dr
dorsal spinocerebellar tract dsc
dorsal tegmental bundle dtg
dorsal tegmental decussation dtgx
dorsal tegmental nucleus DTg
dorsal tegmental nucleus, central part DTgC
dorsal tegmental nucleus, pericentral part DTgP
dorsal terminal ncl. of the accessory optic system DT
dorsal trigemino-thalamic tract dtth
dorsolateral fasciculus of spinal cord dl
dorsolateral periaqueductal gray DLPAG
dorsolateral tract dlt
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus DMH
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, compact part DMC
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, diffuse part NDMD
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part DMD
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventral part DMV
dorsomedial periaqueductal gray DMPAG
dorsomedial pontine nucleus DMPn
dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus DMSp5
dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus, dorsal part DMSp5D
dorsomedial tegmental area DMTg
dorsum sellae DSel
dura Dura

 

E

ectocalcarine sulcus ecal
Edinger-Westphal nucleus EW
emboliform nucleus Emb
emissary vein, (hypoglossal canal) emh
emissary vein, (mastoid) emm
endolymphatic sac ELS
endopiriform nucleus EPi
endorhinal sulcus ers
entopeduncular nucleus EP
entorhinal cortex Ent
entorhinal cortex, caudal limited part ECL
entorhinal cortex, caudal part EC
entorhinal cortex, lateral part EL
entorhinal cortex, lateral part, caudal division ELC
entorhinal cortex, lateral part, rostral division ELR
entorhinal Cx, intermediate part EI
entorhinal Cx, olfactory part EOl
entorhinal gyrus EntG
envelope of thalamus EnvT
ependyma/ subependymal layer EpL
epicranius muscle EpCr
epiglottis EGl
epiolivary lateral reticular nucleus EO
erector spinae muscle ESp
esophagus Eso
ethmoid bone Ethm
ethmoidal bulla EthBu
ethmoidal sinus (labyrinth and air cells) eths
extended amygdala, see amygdalo-bed nucleus transition area EA/ ABT
external arcuate fibers ear
external auditory meatus EAM
external capsule ec
external carotid artery ectd
external cuneate nucleus ECu
external globus pallidus EGP
external jugular vein ejug
external laryngeal nerve eln
external medullary lamina of the thalamus eml
external part of the inferior colliculus EPIC
extreme capsule ex
eye eye
eyelid Eyelid

 

F

F cell group of the vestibular complex FVe
facial artery fac
facial artery, glandular branches fagl
facial canal see facial nerve canal 7C
facial colliculus 7c
facial nerve canal 7C
facial nerve or its root 7n
facial nerve roots 7r
facial nucleus 7N
facial nucleus, dorsal intermediate subnucleus 7DI
facial nucleus, dorsal subnucleus 7D
facial nucleus, dorsal/lateral subnucleus 7D/L
facial nucleus, dorsolateral subnucleus 7DL
facial nucleus, dorsomedial subnucleus 7DM
facial nucleus, lateral subnucleus 7L
facial nucleus, ventral intermediate subnucleus 7VI
facial nucleus, ventral subnucleus 7I
facial nucleus, ventral subnucleus 7V
facial nucleus, ventromedial subnucleus 7VM
facial vein facv
falx cerebelli FxCb
falx cerebri FxC
fascia dentata see dentate gyrus FD
fasciculosus nucleus Fa
fasciculosus thalamic nucleus Fa
fasciculus retroflexus fr
fasciola cinerea FC
fasciolar gyrus FG
fastigial nucleus of cerebellum Fsg
Fc. princeps see mamillo-thalamic tract mt
field CA1' of hippocampus CA1'
field CA1 of hippocampus CA1
field CA3 of hippocampus CA3
field CA4 of the hippocampus CA4
fimbria of the hippocampus fi
flocculo-nodular lobe FNL
flocculus Fl
foramen rotundum (round window) FOR/ RW
forceps major of the corpus callosum fmj
forceps minor of the corpus callosum fmi
fornix fx
fourth ventricle 4V
frontal bone Fro
frontal bone, crest FroC
frontal bone, nasal part FroN
frontal bone, orbital part FroO
frontal bone, squamous part FroS
frontal bone, zygomatic process FroZ
frontal cortex Fr
frontal horn of lateral ventricle FLV
frontal limbic area FLA
frontal lobe FL
frontal nerve of V 5fr
frontal operculum FOp
frontal pole FrP
frontal sinus frs
frontalis muscle FrM
fronto marginal sulcus fms
frontomarginal gyrus FMG
fronto-orbital gyrus FOG
fronto-orbitalis sulcus fos
fronto-polar area FPA
fronto-polar gyrus FPG
frontopontine fibers fpo
fundus Fu
fundus of superior temporal sulcus FST
fundus striati FStr
fusiform gyrus FuG

 

G

galea aponeurotica gap
gamma pontine nucleus ?g
ganglion of vestibulocochlear nerve 8Gn
gelatinosus thalamic nucleus G
gelatinous layer of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus Ge5
geniculate ganglion Gen
genioglossus muscle GGM
geniohyoid muscle GeHy
genu of the corpus callosum gcc
genu of the facial nerve g7
genu of the internal capsule gic
genu of the internal capsule gic
gigantocellular reticular nucleus Gi
gigantocellular reticular nucleus, alpha part Gi?a
gigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part GiV
glandular blood vessels glve
glandular branches gld
glia glia
globose nucleus Glo
globus pallidus GP
glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb Gl
glossopharyngeal ganglion 9Gn
glossopharyngeal nerve 9n
gracile fasciculus gr
gracile nucleus Gr
gracilis tubercle GrTu
granular insular cortex GI
granular layer of cerebellum GrCb
granular layer of the dentate gyrus GrDG
granular layer of the olfactory bulb GrO
granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb GrA
great cerebral vein gcv
great cistern GrCi
great magna terminal island GTI
greater horn of hyoid bone GHHy
greater horn of hyoid bone GHHy
greater nasal cartilage GNaC
greater occipital nerve gocn
greater palatine artery gpa
greater palatine foramen GPalF
greater palatine nerve gpaln
greater petrosal nerve 7gp
greater zygomatic muscle GZgM
gustatory cortex Gu
gyrus fornicatus see isthmus of cingulate gyrus CG
gyrus rectus GRe

 

H

habenula Hb
habenular commissure hbc
hamulus of the pterygoid bone HPtg
handle of Malleus HandleM
head of caudate nucleus HCd
head of stapes HStapes
hemisphere of cerebellum see cerebellar hemisphere CH
hilum of dentate nucleus HDt
hilum of inferior olive HIO
hippocampal body HiB
hippocampal digitations HiD
hippocampal fissure hif
hippocampal head HiH
hippocampal sulcus his
hippocampal tail HiT
hippocampus Hi
hippocampus, praecommissural part HiP
hippocampus, retrocommissural HiR
hippocampus, upracommissural part HiS
horizontal limb of the diagonal band HDB
horizontal semicircular duct Hor
hyoglossus muscle HyGl
hyoid bone Hyoid
hypoglossal 12C
hypoglossal nerve or its root 12n
hypoglossal nucleus 12N
hypoglossal trigone 12Tr
hypophysis Hp
hypothalamic sulcus hs
hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract hyh
hypothalamus Hy

 

I

iliocostalis cervicis muscle ICCe
incision inc
incisive canal IncC
incomplete medullary lamina of the globus pallidus icml
incus (ossicle) Incus
indusium griseum IGr
inferior alveolar artery ialva
inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve ialv
inferior alveolar nerve ialvn
inferior alveolar vein ialvv
inferior calcarine sulcus iccs
inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) icp
inferior cerebral vein icv
inferior cervical ganglion ICGn
inferior colliculus IC
inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx ICM
inferior division of oculomotor nerve 3n
inferior frontal gyrus IFG
inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOp
inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGOr
inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFGTr
inferior frontal sulcus ifs
inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion I9Gn
inferior labial artery ilab
inferior longitudinal fasciculus ilf
inferior longitudinal fasciculus ilf
inferior meatus of nasal cavity InfMe
inferior medullary velum IMV
inferior nasal concha (turbinate) INaC
inferior oblique capitis muscle IObCa
inferior oblique muscle IOb
inferior occipital sulcus ios
inferior occipito temporal sulcus iots
inferior olive IO
inferior olive, beta subnucleus $b
inferior olive, dorsal nucleus IOD
inferior olive, medial nucleus IOM
inferior olive, principal nucleus IOPr
inferior olive, subnucleus A of medial nucleus IOA
inferior olive, subnucleus B of medial nucleus IOB
inferior olive, subnucleus C of medial nucleus IOC
inferior olive, ventrolateral protrusion IOVL
inferior ophthalmic vein iophv
inferior orbital artery iora
inferior parietal gyrus IPG
inferior parietal lobule IPL
inferior petrosal sinus ipets
inferior postcentral sulcus poci
inferior rectus muscle IRec
inferior rostral gyrus IRoG
inferior sagittal sinus iss
inferior temporal artery ita
inferior temporal gyrus ITG
inferior temporal sulcus its
inferior thalamic peduncle ithp
inferior thyroid artery itha
inferior transverse frontopolar gyrus TFPGI
inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion I10Gn
inferior vena cava ivc
infracerebellar nucleus Inf
infralimbic cortex IL
infraorbital artery infa
infraorbital canal IOC
infraorbital nerve 5inf
infraspinatus muscle InfSM
infratemporal foramen ITF
infundibular nucleus see arcuate nucleus Arc
infundibular recess of the 3rd ventricle IRe
infundibular stalk InfS
infundibular stem InfS
insula, insular cortex Ins
insular claustrum see dorsal claustrum DCl
insular gyrus (gyri) IG
insular proisocortex IPro
insular sulcus is
intercalated masses IM
intercalated masses see intercalated nuclei of amygdala IM
intercalated nuclei of the amygdala I
intercalated nucleus of the medulla In
intercollicular nucleus InCo
intercommissural line ICL
intercostal artery ica
intercostal nerve icn
intercrural fissure icf
interfascicular nucleus IF
intergeniculatel pulvinar nucleus IGPul
intermediate frontal sulcus imfs
intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus InG
intermediate hypothalamic nuclei IMH
intermediate lobe of the pituitary IPit
intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus ILL
intermediate olfactory tract iolf
intermediate orbital sulcus ior
intermediate periventricular hypothalamic nucleus IPe
intermediate reticular zone IRt
intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus InWh
intermediolateral cell column IML
intermedius nucleus of the medulla InM
internal arcuate fibers ia
internal auditory meatus IAud
internal basilar nucleus IB
internal capsule ic
internal carotid artery ictd
internal carotid plexus ictpx
internal globus pallidus IGP
internal jugular vein ijugv
internal laryngeal nerve ilxn
internal medullary lamina of the thalamus iml
internal nasal (venous) branches inav
internal pterygoid plexus iptgpx
internal sagittal stratum isst
internal vertebral venous plexus ivvpx
interpeduncular cistern IPCi
interpeduncular fossa ipf
interpeduncular nucleus IP
interpeduncular nucleus, caudal subnucleus IPC
interpeduncular nucleus, lateral IPL
interpeduncular nucleus, rostral subnucleus IPR
interposed cerebellar nucleus Int
interposed cerebellar nucleus, anterior part IntA
interposed cerebellar nucleus, posterior part IntP
interposed cerebellar nucleus, posterior parvicellular part IntPPC
interspinalis muscle ISM
interspinalis muscle, tendon ISMT
interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus IMLF
interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure IPAC
interstitial nucleus see: bed nucleus BN
interthalamic adhesion IthA
intertransversarii muscle InTrM
interventricular foramen IVF
intervertebral disc Dis
intervertebral vein ivert
intralamellar thalamic nuclei ILa
intraparietal sulcus ips
intrarhinal sulcus irs
islands of Calleja see striatal terminal islands, major island ICjM
isthmus of cingulate gyrus ICG

 

J

jugular foramen JugF
jugum of sphenoid bone JSph
juxtastriate area JxSt

 

K

Koelliker-Fuse nucleus KF

 

L

labial artery lab
labyrinthine artery la
lacerated foramen LF
lacrimal apparatus LacA
lacrimal artery lac
lacrimal gland LacG
lacrimal nerve of trigeminus 5lac
lacrimal vein lacv
lacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus LMol
lambdoid septal zone Ld
lambdoid suture lds
lamina cornice LCor
lamina terminalis LT
larynx Lx
lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus Lat
lateral amygdaloid nucleus La
lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part LaDL
lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsomedial part LaDM
lateral amygdaloid nucleus, intermediate part LaI
lateral amygdaloid nucleus, magnocellular part LaMC
lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part LaV
lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part LaVL
lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part LaVM
lateral caudate nucleus LCd
lateral cerebellar nucleus, parvicellular part LatPC
lateral cortico-spinal tract lcsp
lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus, superficial part LDSF
lateral fissure lf
lateral funiculus of the spinal cord lfu
lateral geniculate (nucleus) LG
lateral geniculate artery lga
lateral habenular nucleus LHb
lateral habenular nucleus, lateral part LHbL
lateral habenular nucleus, medial part LHbM
lateral horn of spinal cord LH
lateral hypothalamic area LHA
lateral intraparietal area LIP
lateral intraparietal area, external part LIPE
lateral intraparietal area, interal part LIPI
lateral lamina of pterygoid process LLPtg
lateral large-celled part of the basal nucleus BMC
lateral lemniscus ll
lateral longitudinal stria lls
lateral mammillary nucleus LM
lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lml
lateral olfactory gyrus LOG
lateral olfactory stria l1s
lateral olfactory tract lo
lateral opening of fourth ventricle LA4V
lateral orbital gyrus LOrG
lateral orbital sulcus los
lateral parabrachial nucleus LPB
lateral parabrachial nucleus, central part LPBC
lateral parabrachial nucleus, crescent part LPBCr
lateral parabrachial nucleus, ventral part LPBV
lateral paragigantocellular nucleus LPGi
lateral periaqueductal gray LPAG
lateral pericuneate nucleus LPCu
lateral periolivary nucleus LPOl
lateral preoptic nucleus LPO
lateral pterygoid muscle, inferior part LPtgI
lateral pterygoid muscle, superior part LPtgS
lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone LPSph
lateral pterygoid subnucleus of the motor trigeminal nucleus LPtg5
lateral pulvinar nucleus LPul
lateral recess of the fourth ventricle LR4V
lateral rectus capitis muscle LReCa
lateral rectus muscle LRec
lateral reticular nucleus LRt
lateral reticular nucleus, parvicellular part LRtPC
lateral reticular nucleus, subtrigeminal part LRtS5
lateral septal nucleus LS
lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part LSD
lateral septal nucleus, intermediate part LSI
lateral septal nucleus, ventral part LSV
lateral spinal nucleus LSp
lateral superior cerebellar artery (branch of superior cerebellar) lscb
lateral superior olivary nucleus LSO
lateral tegmental tract ltg
lateral terminal ncl. of the accessory optic tract LTe
lateral thalamic nuclear region LTh
lateral tuberal nucleus LTu
lateral ventricle LV
lateral vestibular nucleus LVe
lateral vestibulospinal tract lvs
lateral vestibulospinal tract lvsp
lateroanterior hypothalamic nucleus LA
laterodorsal tegmental nucleus LDTg
laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, ventral part LDTgV
laterodorsal thalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part LDDM
lateroventral periolivary nucleus LVPO
layer 1 of cortex 1$
layer 1 of cortex L1
layer 1 of dorsal lateral geniculate $1
layer 2 of cortex 2$
layer 2 of cortex L2
layer 2 of dorsal lateral geniculate $2
layer 3 of cortex 3$
layer 3 of cortex L3
layer 3 of dorsal lateral geniculate $3
layer 4 of cortex 4$
layer 4 of cortex L4
layer 4 of dorsal lateral geniculate $4
layer 5 of cortex 5$
layer 5 of cortex L5
layer 5 of dorsal lateral geniculate $5
layer 6 of cortex 6$
layer 6 of cortex L6
layer 6 of dorsal lateral geniculate $6
left ventricle LVent
lemniscal system Lem
lens Lens
lenticular fasciculus lenf (H2)
lenticular fasciculus (field H2) H2
lenticulothalamic part of the internal capsule ltic
lentiform nucleus Len
lesser horn of hyoid bone LHHy
lesser palatine nerve lpaln
lesser petrosal nerve lpet
levator anguli oris alaequae nasi muscle LAngO
levator anguli oris muscle LAng
levator labii sup. alaequae nasi muscle LLbAN
levator labii sup. muscle LLb
levator palati muscle LPM
levator palpebrae superioris muscle LPal
levator scapulae muscle LScM
levator scapulae muscle insertion LScI
levator veli palatini muscle LVePa
limbic midbrain area LMA
limen insulae Li
limitans thalamic nucleus Lim
limiting medullary lamina of the globus pallidus liml
linear nucleus of the medulla Li
lingual artery lg
lingual gland LgGl
lingual gyrus LgG
lingual nerve 5lgn
lingual septum LgSpt
lingual sulcus lgs
lingual vein lgv
lingula cerebelli Lg
lobe Lb
lobule Lbl
locus coeruleus LC
longissimus capitis muscle LgsCa
longissimus cervicis muscle LgsCe
longissimus cervicis muscle, tendon LgsCeT
longissimus muscle LgsM
longitudinal fasciculus of the pons lfp
longitudinal fibers of the pons lfp
longitudinal fissure of hemisphere lfh
longitudinal insular sulcus lis
longitudinal stria lngs
longus capitis muscle LgCa
longus colli and capitis muscles LgC
longus colli muscle LgCo
lumbosacral plexus lsplx
lymph node Ly

 

M

magnocellular layer of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus 5MC
magnocellular nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus MCLH
magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure MCPC
magnocellular preoptic nucleus MCPO
magnocellular preoptic nucleus MCPO
malleus (ossicle) Mal
mamillo-thalamic tract mt
mammillary body MB
mammillary peduncle mp
mammillary recess of the 3rd ventricle MaRe
mammillo-tegmental tract mtg
mandible Man
mandibular canal ManC
mandibular fossa (of TMJ) ManF
mandibular nerve 5mand
marginal insular sulcus, see circular insular s. cir
marginal zone of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus 5MZ
marginal zone of the medial geniculate MZMG
masseter muscle MasM
masseter subnucleus of the motor trigeminal nucleus 5Ma
masseteric artery masa
masseteric nerve masn
mastoid antrum MaA
mastoid cells mstc
mastoid process of temporal bone Mst
maxilla Mx
maxilla, palatine process MxPl
maxillary artery mx
maxillary gland MxG
maxillary nerve of the trigeminal mx5
maxillary sinus mxs
maxillary vein mxv
maxillo-zygomatic suture mxzg
medial (fastigial) cerebellar nucleus Med
medial accessory oculomotor nucleus MA3
medial accessory olive MAO
medial amygdaloid nucleus Me
medial amygdaloid nucleus, anteroventral part MeAV
medial amygdaloid nucleus, mediodorsal part CeMD
medial amygdaloid nucleus, medioventral part CeMV
medial amygdaloid nucleus, posterodorsal part MePD
medial amygdaloid nucleus, posteroventral part MePV
medial caudate nucleus MCd
medial constrictor muscle of pharynx MCM
medial corticohypothalamic tract mch
medial dorsal thalamic nucleus MD
medial eminence of fourth ventricle me4V
medial forebrain bundle mfb
medial geniculate nucleus MG
medial geniculate nucleus, dorsal part MGD
medial geniculate nucleus, fibrosal part MGFi
medial geniculate nucleus, medial part MGM
medial geniculate nucleus, ventral part MGV
medial habenular nucleus MHb
medial inferior olivary nucleus MIO
medial lateral geniculate nucleus, limitans part MGLi
medial lateral geniculate nucleus, magnocellular part LGMC
medial lateral geniculate nucleus, magnocellular part MGMC
medial lateral geniculate nucleus, parvocellular part LGPC
medial lateral geniculate nucleus, parvocellular part MGPC
medial lemniscus ml
medial longitudinal fasciculus mlf
medial longitudinal stria mls
medial mamillary nucleus MM
medial mamillary nucleus, lateral part ML
medial mamillary nucleus, magnocellular part MMC
medial mamillary nucleus, parvocellular part MPC
medial medullar lamina mml
medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mml
medial occipito-temporal gyrus see lingual g. LgG
medial olfactory stria mo
medial orbital gyrus MOrG
medial orbital sulcus mos
medial parabrachial nucleus MPB
medial pericuneate nucleus MPCu
medial periolivary nucleus MPOl
medial preoptic area MPA
medial preoptic nucleus MPO
medial preoptic nucleus, lateral part MPOL
medial preoptic nucleus, medial part MPOM
medial pretectal nucleus MPT
medial pterygoid muscle MPtg
medial pterygoid nerve mptg
medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone MPSph
medial pterygoid subnucleus of the motor trigeminal nucleus MPtg
medial pulvinar nucleus MPul
medial recesses of the fourth ventricle MR4V
medial rectus muscle MRec
medial reticular nucleus MRt
medial scalenus muscle MScal
medial septal nucleus MS
medial superior olive MSO
medial superior temporal area MST
medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system MT
medial transverse frontopolar gyrus TFPGM
medial tuberal nucleus MTu
medial vestibular nucleus MVe
medial vestibular nucleus, magnocellular part MVeMC
medial vestibular nucleus, parvicellular part MVePC
median eminence ME
median eminence, external layer MEE
median eminence, internal layer MEI
median opening of fourth ventricle MA4V
median preoptic nucleus MnPO
median raphe nucleus MnR
median sulcus mns
median thyrohyoid ligament thh
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus MD
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, central part MDC
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, dorsal part MDD
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, lateral part MDL
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, medial part MDM
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, pars fasciculosa MDFa
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, pars fibrosa MDFi
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, pars magnocellularis MDMC
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, ventral part MDV
medulla oblongata Md
medullary central gray substance MCG
medullary reticular formation MeRF
medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal part MdD
mental foramen MF
mentalis muscle MentM
mesencephalic (tegmental) reticular nucleus MTgR
mesencephalic tectum MTec
mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Me5
mesencephalic trigeminal tract me5
mesencephalon, midbrain Mes
microcellular tegmental nucleus MiTg
middle cerebellar peduncle mcp
middle cerebral artery mcer
middle ear MidE
middle frontal gyrus MFG
middle meatus of nasal cavity MidM
middle meningeal art., frontal branch mmf
middle meningeal art., parietal branch mmp
middle meningeal artery mm
middle nasal concha MNaC
middle temporal area (visual area 5) MT(V5)
middle temporal gyrus MTG
middle temporal sulcus mts
minor zygomaticus muscle MiZyM
mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb Mi
molecular layer of the cochlear nucleus MoC
molecular layer of the dentate gyrus Mol
molecular layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus MoDC
motor branch of trigeminal nerve m5
motor trigeminal nucleus Mo5
motor trigeminal nucleus, dorsolateral part Mo5DL
motor trigeminal nucleus, ventromedial part Mo5VM
multifidus muscle Mult
myelohyoid subnucleus of the motor trigeminal nucleus MHy5
myelohyoid subnucleus of the motor trigeminal nucleus My5
mylohyoid muscle MyHy
mylohyoid nerve myhy

 

N

nanocellular hypothalamic nucleus NC
nasal arteries nas
nasal bone Na
nasal cartilage NaCa
nasal cavity Nasal
nasal glands NasG
nasal meatus Nas
nasal septum NSpt
nasalis muscle NaM
nasociliar nerve 5nc
nasolacrimal duct nlac
nasopalatine artery npa
nasopalatine nerve npn
nasophaaryngeal tonsil NPhT
nerve n
nerve of the pterygoid canal ptgcn
nerve of vomeronasal organ vno
neurohypophysis NHp
nigrostriatal bundle ns
noto cuneate nucleus Nt
nuchal fascia nuf
nuchal ligament nl
nuclei of the lateral lemniscus LL
nucleus cucullaris of the thalamus Cuc
nucleus L L
nucleus of Darkschewitsch Dk
nucleus of Roller Ro
nucleus of the ansa lenticularis AL
nucleus of the ansa peduncularis APd
nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus BIC
nucleus of the diagonal band DB
nucleus of the field of Forel FF
nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band HDB
nucleus of the olfactory tract see nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract LOT
nucleus of the optic tract OT
nucleus of the posterior commissure PCom
nucleus of the solitary tract Sol
nucleus of the solitary tract, see solitary nucleus Sol
nucleus of the stria medullaris SM
nucleus of the trapezoid body Tz
nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band VDB
nucleus raphe pallidus RPa
nucleus Y Y

 

O

obex Obex
occipital artery occ
occipital bone Occ
occipital cortex Oc
occipital gyrus OcG
occipital horn of lateral ventricle OLV
occipital lobe OL
occipital nerve occn
occipital pole OcP
occipital sinus occs
occipital sulcus os
occipital vein occv
occipitalis muscle OcM
occipito-frontal muscle OcFr
occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly OcFrF
occipito-frontal muscle, occipital belly OcFrO
occipito-mastoid suture ocm
occipitoparietal area OPt
occipito-temporal gyrus OTG
occipitotemporal sulcus ots
occipittransverse sulcus otrs
oculomotor nerve or its root 3n
oculomotor nerve, branches to inf. oblique muscle 3iob
oculomotor nucleus 3N
oculomotor nucleus, parvicellular part 3PC
olfactory area OlfA
olfactory artery olfa
olfactory bulb OB
olfactory nerve 1n
olfactory peduncle see olfactory tract olf
olfactory radiation olfr
olfactory sulcus olfs
olfactory tract olf
olfactory trigone OTr
olfactory tubercle Tu
olfactory ventricle (olfactory part of lateral ventricle) OV
olivary pretectal nucleus OPT
olivocerebellar tract oc
olivocochlear bundle ocb
omohyoid muscle OmHy
opening of auditory tube oaud
opening of ethmoidal sinus (air cells) oeths
opening of sphenoid sinus osphs
opening of the maxillary sinus omaxs
operculum Op
ophthalmic artery oph
ophthalmic nerve of trigeminal oph5
ophthalmic vein ophv
optic chiasm ox
optic foramen OptF
optic nerve 2n
optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus OP
optic papilla pap
optic radiation or
optic recess of third ventricle ORe
optic tract opt
oral cavity Oral
oral dorsal paramedian nucleus ODPMn
oral pulvinar OPul
orbicularis oculi muscle OOM
orbicularis oris muscle OOrM
orbital artery orb
orbital cavity Orbit
orbital cortex Orb
orbital fat pad off
orbital gyrus (gyri) OrG
orbital periallocortex OPAl
orbital plate OrbP
orbital proisocortex OPro
orbital sulci orbs
orbital sulcus (sulci) ors
orbitofrontal gyrus (gyri) see orbital gyri OFG
organ of Corti Corti
oriens layer of the hippocampus Or
otic ganglion Otic
oval foramen Oval

 

P

palate Palate
palatine artery and vein pal
palatine glands PalG
palatine nerve (s) paln
palatine tonsil PtT
palatoglossal fold PaGF
palatoglossus muscle PlGl
palatopharyngeus muscle PlPh
pallido-habenular bundle phb
pallidohypothalamic fibers (X-bundle) phy
pallidohypothalamic nucleus PalHy
pallido-tegmental fasciculus ptf
paraabducens nucleus Pa6
paraauditory area, caudal part PaAC
paraauditory cortex, rostral part PaAR
parabigeminal nucleus PBG
parabrachial nucleus PB
parabrachial pigmented nucleus PBP
paracentral lobule PCL
paracentral sulcus pacs
paracentral thalamic nucleus PC
paracochlear glial substance PCGS
paracollicular tegmentum PCTg
parafascicular thalamic nucleus PF
parafloccular sulcus pfs
paraflocculus PFl
parafornical nucleus PaF
parahippocampal gyrus PHG
parahippocampal sulcus, see lingual sulcus lgs
parainsular area PaI
parainsular cortex, lateral part PaIL
parainsular cortex, medial part PaIM
paralaminar amygdaloid nucleus PaL
paralaminar amygdaloid nucleus, glomerular part PaLGl
paramedian raphe nucleus PMnR
paramedian reticular nucleus PMn
paramedian sulcus pms
paranigral nucleus PN
paraoptic nucleus Pa2
parapyramidal nucleus PPy
parasubiculum PaS
parasubthalamic nucleus PSTh
paratenial thalamic nucleus PT
paraterminal gyrus PTG
paratrigeminal nucleus 5Pa
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Pa
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior magnocellular part PaAM
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior parvocellular part PaAP
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, fornical part PaFo
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular part PaMc
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular part, dorsal division PaMD
paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part PaPo
paraventricular thalamic nucleus PV
paraventricular thalamic nucleus, anterior part PVA
paraventricular thalamic nucleus, posterior part PVP
parietal area PE PE
parietal area PE, caudal part PEC
parietal area PE, cingulate part PECg
parietal area PEa PEa
parietal area PEa Pea
Parietal area PF (cortex) PFCx
parietal area PFG PFG
parietal area PG PG
parietal area PG, medial part PGM
parietal area PG, opercular part PGOp
parietal area POa, external part POaE
parietal area POa, internal part POaI
parietal association cortex PtA
parietal bone ParB
parietal cortex Par
parietal lobe PL
parietal operculum PaOp
parietal pontine fibers ptpn
parieto-occipital area PO
parietooccipital associated area in the intraparietal sulcus POa
parieto-occipital sulcus pos
parietotemporopontine fibers patepo
parieto-zygomatic suture pazg
parolfactory sulcus pols
parotid duct ptdd
parotid fascia ptdf
parotid gland Par
parotid plexus papx
parvicellular motor trigeminal nucleus 5PC
parvicellular oculomotor nucleus PC3
parvicellular reticular nucleus PCRt
parvicellular reticular nucleus, alpha part PCRt?
peduncle of lenticular nucleus PedL
pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus PPTg
perforating arteries per
periamygdalar area PAA
periamygdalar region PAm
periamygdaloid cortex PAC
periaqueductal gray PAG
pericommissural fibers pcom
pericuneate matrix PCuMx
perifacial zone P7
perifornical nucleus PeF
perifornical nucleus, medial part PeFM
peripeduncular area PPA
peripeduncular nucleus PP
perirhinal cortex PRC
perirhinal gyrus PRhG
perisupra-amygdalar area see supraamygdaloid a. SAmg
peritrigeminal zone P5
periventricular gray PVG
periventricular hypothalamic nucleus Pe
periventricular thalamic fibers pvth
perpendicular plate PeP
PG associated area of the superior temporal sulcus PGa
pharyngeal branches phar
pharyngeal recess PhaRe
phrenic nerve phrn
pineal gland Pi
pineal recess of the third ventricle PiRe
piriform cortex Pir
piriform recess PirR
planum temporale PTe
platysma Plat
pons Pons
pontine cistern PoCi
pontine nuclei Pn
pontine raphe nucleus PnR
pontine reticular nucleus PnRt
pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part PnC
pontine reticular nucleus, oral part PnO
pontobulbar substance PBS
postcentral gyrus PoG
postcentral sulcus pocs
posterior alveolar vein palv
posterior arch of atlas PAT
posterior auricular artery pau
posterior auricular muscle PAu
posterior auricular vein pauv
posterior cerebral artery pcer
posterior commissure pc
posterior communicating artery pcoma
posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus PCo
posterior crus of fornix pfx
posterior forceps see forceps major fmj
posterior hypothalamic area PH
posterior inferior cerebellar artery pica
posterior inferotemporal area, dorsal part PITD
posterior intercostal artery picost
posterior jugular vein pjug
posterior limb of the internal capsule pic
posterior limitans thalamic nucleus PLi
posterior major rectus capitis muscle PMjRe
posterior middle temporal sulcus pmt
posterior minor rectus capitis muscle PMiRe
posterior nasal artery pna
posterior nasal branches pnar
posterior ophthalmic vein pophv
posterior orbicular muscle POrbM
posterior orbital sulcus pos
posterior paraflocculus PPFl
posterior parietal area PPt
posterior parolfactory sulcus pps
posterior pretectal nucleus PPT
posterior scalenus muscle PScal
posterior semicircular duct Post
posterior septal nucleus PS
posterior superior alveolar artery psa
posterior superior alveolar nerve psan
posterior superior fissure psf
posterior thalamus PTh
posterodorsal preoptic nucleus PDP
posterodorsal tegmental nucleus PDTg
posterolateral fissure plf
posterolateral thalamic nucleus PoL
posteromedial thalamic nucleus PoM
posteromedian thalamic nucleus PoMn
preamygdalar claustrum PACl
preamygdaloid cortex PrAC
precentral gyrus PrG
precentral sulcus pcs
precommissural archicortex PCA
precommissural fornix pcfx
preculminate fissure pcuf
precuneus PCun
predorsal bundle pd
pregeniculate nucleus PGn
premamillary nucleus PrM
premammillary nucleus, dorsal part PMD
premammillary nucleus, ventral part PMV
preoptic area POA
preoptic nucleus PO
preoptic recess of the third ventricle P3V
prepiriform claustrum PPCl
prepositus hypoglossal nucleus PrH
preputaminal terminal island PPuTI
prepyramidal fissure ppf
prerubral field (tegmental field) PR
presubiculum PrS
pretectal area PTc
prevertebral fascia pvf
primary fissure prf
principal mammillary fasciculus pm
principal pretectal nucleus PrPT
principal sensory trigeminal nucleus Pr5
principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, dorsomedial part Pr5DM
procerus muscle Prc
pro-insular cortex ProI
prokoniocortex ProK
prokoniocortex, lateral part ProKL
prokoniocortex, medial part ProKM
prosubiculum ProS
pterigoid subnucleus of the motor trigeminal nucleus Ptg5
pterygoid artery ptg
pterygoid branches of trigeminal nerve ptg5
pterygoid canal PtgC
pterygoid canal artery ptgc
pterygoid hamulus see hamulus of the pterygoid bone HPtg
pterygoid plexus ptgpx
pterygoid process Ptg
pterygopalatine artery ptgpal
pterygopalatine fossa PtPf
pulvinar Pul
pulvinar nuclei Pul
pupillary muscle PupM
Purkinje layer of cerebellum Pk
putamen Pu
putamen, medial part PuM
putamen, ventral part Pu
putaminal fundus FPu
pyramid Pyr
pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus Py
pyramidal decussation pyx
pyramidal fibers pyr
pyramidal fissure pf
pyramidal tract py

 

Q

quadrigeminal plate (see Carpenter) QuPl

 

R

radiation of corpus callosum racc
ramus of mandible Ram
raphe interpositus nucleus RIP
raphe magnus nucleus RMg
raphe nuclei Ra
raphe obscurus nucleus ROb
recess of the inferior colliculus ReIC
rectus gyrus RG
recurrent laryngeal nerve rln
red nucleus R
red nucleus, magnocellular part RMC
red nucleus, parvocellular part RPC
respiratory epithelium respepith
reticular nucleus Ret
reticular thalamic nucleus Rt
reticulo-spinal tract rtsp
reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons RtTg
reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons, pericentral part RtTgP
retina Retina
retroambiguus nucleus RAmb
retroarticular plexus rapx
retrobulbar region RBR
retrochiasmatic area RCh
retrochiasmatic nucleus RC
retroinsular area ReI
retroinsular area, parietal part ReIP
retroinsular area, temporal part ReIT
retrolemniscal nucleus RL
retrolenticular part of the internal capsule rlic
retromandibular vein rmv
retroorbicular plexus ropx
retrorubral field RRF/A8
retrorubral nucleus RR
retrosplenial agranular cortex RSA
retrosplenial granular cortex RSG
reuniens thalamic nucleus Re
rhabdoid nucleus Rbd
rhinal sulcus (fissure) rhs
rhomboid fossa RhF
risorius muscle Ris
rostral gyrus RoG
rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus RI
rostral linear nucleus of the raphe RLi
rostral medial accessory olive RMAO
rostral sulcus ros
rostrum of the corpus callosum rcc
rotund nucleus Ro
rubrospinal tract rs

 

S

saccular macula SMac
saccule Sacc
sagittal stratum sstr
sagittal suture sags
sagulum nucleus Sag
salpingopalatinal fold SPaF
salpingopharyngeal fold SPhF
salpingopharyngeus muscle SalPh
scalenus muscle ScalM
secondary fissure sf
secondary somatosensory cortex S2
secondary somatosensory cortex, external part S2E
secondary somatosensory cortex, internal part S2I
semiannular sulcus sas
semicircular canals SCC
semilunar gyrus SLG
semioval center sovc
semispinal capitis muscle SSpCa
semispinal cervicis muscle SSpCe
semispinalis muscle SSpM
sensory root of the trigeminal nerve s5
septal (nasal) cartilage SeC
septal area SA
septal vein sv
septodiagonal nucleus SD
septofimbrial nucleus SFi
septohippocampal nucleus SHi
septohypothalamic nucleus SHy
septum Spt
septum pellucidum SP
sexual dimorphic ncl. SxD
short insular gyri SIG
sigmoid sinus sigs
simple lobule Sim
simplex fissure simf
soft palate SPal
solitary nucleus Sol
solitary nucleus, central part SolCe
solitary nucleus, commissural part SolC
solitary nucleus, commissural part SolC
solitary nucleus, dorsal subnucleus SolD
solitary nucleus, dorsolateral subnucleus SolDL
solitary nucleus, dorsomedial part SolDM
solitary nucleus, gelatinous part SolG
solitary nucleus, intermediate part SolIM
solitary nucleus, medial part SolM
solitary nucleus, paracommissural part SolPaC
solitary nucleus, rostrolateral part SolRL
solitary nucleus, ventral subnucleus SolV
solitary tract sol
spheno-frontal suture sphfs
sphenoid bone SphB
sphenoid sinus sphs
sphenoid wing SphW
sphenoid, greater wing SphGW
sphenoid, lesser wing SphLW
sphenomandibular ligament sphml
spheno-occipital suture sphoc
sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) art. spa
sphenopalatine ganglion SphP
sphenoparietal sinus sphps
spheno-petrosal suture sphpe
spheno-squamosal suture sphsq
spheno-zygomatic suture sphzg
spinal accessory nerve 11n
spinal cord Spinal
spinal cord layer 1-10 Sp1-10
spinal nerve spn
spinal trigeminal nucleus Sp5
spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal part Sp5C
spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar part Sp5I
spinal trigeminal nucleus, oral part Sp5O
spinal trigeminal tract sp5
spinal vestibular nucleus SpVe
spinalis muscle SpM
spino-olivary tract spo
spinothalamic tract spth
spinous process of axis SpAx
splenium of the corpus callosum scc
splenius capitis muscle SpCa
splenius cervicis muscle SpCe
squamosal suture squs
squamous part of the temporal bone Sq
stapedius muscle StpM
stapes (ossicle) Stp
stellate ganglion StGn
sternohyoid muscle StHy
sternomastoid muscle StM
sternomastoid muscle, tendon StT
sternothyroid muscle StTh
sternothyroid muscle, tendon StThT
sternum St
straight sinus ss
stratum lucidum of the hippocampus Lu
stratum radiatum of the hippocampus Rad
stria medullaris of the thalamus sm
stria terminalis st
striae medullares smed
striatal cell bridges SB
striatal terminal islands StrTI
striate cortex 17
striatum Str
striohypothalamic nucleus StHy
styloglossus muscle StyGl
stylohyoid ligament shl
stylohyoid muscle StyHy
styloid process Sty
stylomandibular ligament sml
stylomastoid foramen StyMF
stylopharyngeus muscle StyPh
subarachnoid space SArS
subarcuate fossa SAF
subbrachial nucleus SubB
subcallosal area SCA
subcallosal bundle (sup. fronto-occipital bundle) scal
subcallosal gyrus SuCG
subcapsular artery scpa
subcaudate terminal island SCTI
subclavian artery subcla
subclavian vein subclv
subclavius muscle SClv
subcoeruleus nucleus, dorsal part SubCD
subcoeruleus nucleus, ventral part SubCV
subcoeruleus nucleus/ A7 noradrenaline cells SubC/ A7
subcommissural nucleus SCom
subcommissural organ SCO
subependymal layer SEL
subependymal stratum SEpS
subfornical organ SFO
subgeniculate nucleus SubG
subhabenular nucleus SubH
subiculum S
subincertal nucleus SubI
sublenticular part of the internal capsule slic
sublenticular stria sls
sublentiform nucleus SLn
sublingual artery slga
sublingual artery and vein slg
sublingual duct sld
sublingual gland SLGl
sublingual nerve slin
sublingual plica SlPl
sublingual vein sublgv
submamillothalamic nucleus SMT
submandibular duct smd
submandibular gland SMGl
submedius thalamic nucleus Sub
submedius thalamic nucleus, dorsal part SubD
submedius thalamic nucleus, ventral part SubV
submental artery sma
submental vein smv
suboccipital venous plexus socv
subparafascicular thalamic nucleus SPF
subparafascicular thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part SPFPC
subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus SPZ
subparietal sulcus sbps
subpedencular tegmental nucleus SPTg
subscapular artery suscap
subscapularis muscle SSc
subsolitary nucleus SSol
subsplenial gyrus SSpG
substantia gelatinosa SG
substantia gliosa SGl
substantia innominata SI
substantia nigra SN
substantia nigra compact part, ventral division SNV
substantia nigra compact part, ventrolateral division SNVL
substantia nigra, compact part SNC
substantia nigra, compacta part, ventral tier SNCV
substantia nigra, dorsal part SND
substantia nigra, lateral part SNL
substantia nigra, pars reticulata SNR
substriatal area SStr
substriatal terminal island SSTI
subthalamic fasciculus sth
subthalamic nucleus STh
subventricular fundus FSV
subventricular terminal island SVTI
sulcus limitans sl
superficial fascia sff
superficial glial zone of the cochlear nuclei SGl
superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus SuG
superficial masseter muscle SuMas
superficial medullary stratum sms
superficial pulvinar nucleus SFPul
superficial temporal art., frontal br. staf
superficial temporal art., parietal branch stap
superficial temporal artery sta
superficial temporal vein stempv
superficial zone of the cochlear nucleus SGl
superior arcuate sulcus sar
superior calcarine sulcus scal
superior cerebellar artery sca
superior cerebellar artery scb
superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) scp
superior cervical ganglion SCGn
superior colliculus SC
superior constrictor muscle SCM
superior frontal gyrus SFG
superior frontal sulcus sfs
superior glossopharyngeal ganglion S9Gn
superior horn of thyroid cartilage SHThC
superior laryngeal nerve sln
superior longitudinal fasciculus see subcallosal bundle scal
superior medullary velum SMV
superior mesenteric smes
superior nasal concha SNaC
superior nasal constrictor muscle SNaCM
superior oblique capitis muscle SObCa
superior oblique muscle SOb
superior olivary complex SOC
superior olive SOl
superior ophthalmic vein sophv
superior orbital fissure sorf
superior paraolivary nucleus SPO
superior parietal gyrus SPG
superior parietal lobule SPL
superior petrosal sinus spets
superior pharyngeal nerve sphn
superior pontine sulcus sps
superior postcentral sulcus spocs
superior pterygoid artery sptg
superior rectus muscle SRec
superior rostral gyrus SRoG
superior sagittal sinus sss
superior salivatory nucleus SuS
superior temporal gyrus STG
superior temporal sulcus sts
superior temporal sulcus area 3 ST3
superior thalamic radiation str
superior thyroid artery sthy
superior thyroid vein sthyv
superior transverse frontopolar gyrus TFPGS
superior vagal (jugular) ganglion S10Gn
superior vena cava svc
superior vestibular nucleus SuVe
supraamygdaloid area SAmg
supracallosal gyrus see paraterminal gyrus PTG
supracapsular part of the globus pallidus SCGP
suprachiasmatic nucleus SCh
suprageniculate nucleus SG
supragenual nucleus SGe
supralemniscal nucleus SuL
supramamillary commissure see decussation sumx
supramamillary decussation sumx
supramamillary nucleus SuM
supramarginal gyrus SMG
supraoculomotor cap Su3C
supraoculomotor periaqueductal gray Su3
supraoptic decussation sox
supraoptic nucleus SO
supraoptic nucleus, dorsolateral part SODL
supraoptic nucleus, posterior part SOP
supraoptic nucleus, retrochiasmatic part SOR
supraoptic nucleus, tuberal part SOT
supraoptic nucleus, ventromedial part SOVM
supraorbital artery suorb
supraorbital nerve suorbn
suprascapular artery sscap
supraspinatus muscle SSpM
supratrigeminal nucleus Su5
supratrochlear artery sutr
supratrochlear nerve sutrn
supratrochlear vein sutrv
sympathetic plexus splx
sympathetic trunk Symp

 

T

tail of caudate nucleus TCd
tapetum tp
tectobulbar tract tb
tectorial membrane TecMe
tectospinal tract ts
tectum Tec
tegmentum Tg
tela choroidea of lateral ventricle tclv
tela choroidea of third ventricle tc3v
telencephalon Telen
telo-diencephalic fissure tdf
temporal area TE, medial part TEM
temporal area TE, occipital part TEO
temporal area TE, occipitomedial part TEOM
temporal area TE1 TE1
temporal area TE1, lateral part TE1L
temporal area TE1, medial part TE1M
temporal area TE2 TE2
temporal area TE2, lateral part TE2L
temporal area TE2, medial part TE2M
temporal area TE3 TE3
temporal area TEa TEa
temporal area TF TF
temporal area TF, lateral part TFL
temporal area TF, occipital part TFO
temporal area TH TH
temporal area TL TL
temporal association cortex TeA
temporal bone Temp
temporal bone, petrosal part TempP
temporal claustrum TCl
temporal cortex, area 1 (primary auditory cortex) Te1
temporal cortex, area 2 Te
temporal fascia tf
temporal gyrus TG
temporal horn of lateral ventricle TLV
temporal lobe TL
temporal operculum TOp
temporal parietooccipital associated area in sts, caudal part TPOC
temporal pole TmP
temporal vein(s) tv
temporalis muscle TempM
temporalis muscle, tendon TempT
temporalis subnucleus of the motor trigeminal nucleus Te5
temporomandibular disc TMD
temporopolar allocortex TPAl
temporopolar gyrus TPG
temporopolar periallocortex TPPAl
temporopolar proisocortex TPPro
tenia of choroid plexus tch
tenia of fimbria tfi
tenia of fornix tfx
tenia of stria terminalis tst
tenia tecta TT
tenia thalamus tt
tensor et levator palati muscle TeLePa
tensor palatini muscle TeVePa
tensor tympani muscle TenT
tentorial edge (free edge of tentorium cerebelli) TeE
tentorium cerebelli TCb
terminal island(s) TI
terminal pericallosal artery (branch of azygos pericallosal) tep
terminal velum (Aebi) vt
thalamic fasciculus th/H2
thalamic fasciculus thf
thalamic radiation tra
thalamostriate vein tsv
thalamus Th
third ventricle 3V
thyroarytenoid muscle ThArTe
thyroepiglotticus muscle ThyE
thyrohyoid membrane ThHyMe
thyrohyoid muscle ThHy
thyroid cartilage ThC
thyroid gland Thyr
tongue Tongue
torus levatorius TLev
torus tubarius TTub
trachea Trachea
transverse cervical artery tcea
transverse cervical vein trcerv
transverse facial artery tfa
transverse facial artery and vein tfav
transverse facial vein tfv
transverse fibers of the pons tfp
transverse frontopolar gyrus TFPG
transverse gyrus TrG
transverse ligament of atlas tla
transverse process TrP
transverse process of atlas TrPAt
transverse process of vertebra TrPV
transverse sinus trs
transverse temporal gyrus/gyri TTG
transverse temporal sulcus tts
trapezius muscle TzM
trapezoid body tz
trapezoid nucleus, see nucleus of the trapezoid body Tz
triangular area (Wernicke) TrA
triangular septal nucleus TS
triangular septal nucleus TS
trigeminal ganglion 5Gn
trigeminal nerve 5n
trigemino-thalamic tract tth
trigone of lateral ventricle TrLV
trochlear decussation 4x
trochlear nerve or its root 4n
trochlear nucleus 4N
tuber cinereum TuCn
tuberal part of hypophysis TuHp
tubercular terminal island(s) TuTI
tubero-hypophyseal tract thp
tuberomammillary nucleus TM
tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve 9ty
tympanic bulla TyBu
tympanic cavity TyC
tympanic membrane TyMe

 

U

uncal gyrus UnG
uncal notch unn
uncal sulcus (diverticulum unci) us
uncinate fasciculus unc
uncinate gyrus UG
uncus hippocampi Un
utricle Utr
utricular macula UMac
uvula Uv
uvula muscle UvM
uvular fissure uf

 

V

vagal ganglion 10Gn
vagal trigone 10Tr
vagus nerve or its root 10n
vagus nucleus 10N
vascular organ of the lamina terminalis VOLT
vein (unidentified) v
vein of carotid plexus cplxv
ventral paraflocculus VPFl
ventral (lateral) thalamic nucleus VL
ventral amygdalofugal pathway vaf
ventral anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala VACo
ventral anterior thalamic nucleus VA
ventral caudate nucleus VCd
ventral claustrum VCl
ventral cochlear nucleus VC
ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part VCA
ventral cochlear nucleus, posterior part VCP
ventral cortical amygdaloid nucleus, inferior part VCoInf
ventral cortical amygdaloid nucleus, superior part VCoSu
ventral cortico-spinal tract vcsp
ventral endopiriform nucleus VEn
ventral funiculus of the spinal cord vfu
ventral hippocampal commissure vhc
ventral horn of spinal cord VH
ventral intraparietal sulcal area VIP
ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, posterior part, external division VLPE
ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, posterior part, internal division VLPI
ventral median fissure of the spinal cord vmnf
ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus VLL
ventral pallidum VP
ventral peduncular pontine nucleus VPPn
ventral periventricular hypothalamic nucleus VPe
ventral preoptic nucleus VPO
ventral reticular nucleus VRt
ventral reuniens thalamic nucleus VRe
ventral root vr
ventral septal nucleus VS
ventral spinocerebellar tract vsc
ventral striatum VStr
ventral supraoptic decussation vsox
ventral tegmental area (Tsai) VTA
ventral tegmental area, rostral part VTAR
ventral tegmental decussation vtgx
ventral tegmental nucleus (Gudden) VTg
ventral tegmental nucleus, suprafascicular part VTgS
ventral third ventricle V3V
ventral tuberomammillary nucleus VTM
ventroanterior thalamic nucleus, fasciculosus part see fasciculosus nucleus Fa
ventroanterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part VAMC
ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus VLH
ventrolateral preoptic nucleus VLPO
ventrolateral tegmental area VLTg
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus VMH
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, central part VMHC
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part VMHDM
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventrolateral part VMHVL
ventromedial preoptic nucleus VMPO
ventromedial thalamic nucleus VM
ventromedian fissure vmf
ventroposterior inferior thalamic nucleus VPI
ventroposterior lateral thalamic nucleus VPL
ventroposterior medial thalamic nucleus VPM
ventroposterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part VPPC
vermis of cerebellum Ver
vertebra Vert
vertebral artery vert
vertebral vein vertv
vertical limb of the diagonal band VDB
vestibular area VeA
vestibular ganglion VeGn
vestibular nuclei Ve
vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve 8vn
vestibule of mouth Vest
vestibulocochlear nerve 8n
vestibulomesencephalic tract veme
vestibulo-spinal tract vsp
visual area 1 (primary visual cortex) V1
visual area 3, dorsal part V3D
visual area 3, ventral part V3V
visual area 3A V3A
visual area 4, dorsal part V4D
visual area 4, transitional part V4T
visual area 4, ventral part V4V
visual area 4A V4A
vitreous of the eye Vitr
vocal ligament vl
vocalis muscle Voc
vomer Vomer

 

X

xiphoid thalamic nucleus Xi

 

Z

zona incerta ZI
zona incerta, dorsal part ZID
zona incerta, ventral part ZIV
zonal layer of the superior colliculus Zo
zygomatic arch ZygA
zygomatic bone Zyg
zygomatic nerve 5zg
zygomatic process of frontal bone ZyFr
zygomatico-maxillary suture zgmx
zygomatico-parietal suture zgpa
zygomatico-temporal suture zgte

 


Neuroanatomie Düsseldorf

© 2001  J. K. Mai; mai@uni-duesseldorf.de