| |
| 1.1 |
General |
| 1.1.1 |
Comprehensive Studies |
| 1.1.2 |
Surveys of State Practice |
| 1.1.2.1 |
Single States |
| 1.1.2.2 |
International Organisations |
| 1.1.2.3 |
Others |
| 1.1.3 |
Surveys of Judicial Decisions |
| 1.1.3.1 |
International Court of Justice (ICJ) |
| 1.1.3.2 |
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) |
| 1.1.3.3 |
Inter-American Court of Human Rights |
| 1.1.3.4 |
International Criminal Tribunals (ICTY, ICTR, ICC) |
| 1.1.3.5 |
International Tribunal for The Law of The Sea (ITLOS) |
| 1.1.3.6 |
WTO Panels/DSB |
| 1.1.3.7 |
National Courts |
| 1.1.3.8 |
Others |
| 1.1.4 |
Surveys of Literature |
| 1.1.5 |
Institutions Promoting the Study of International Law, Academies, Learned Societies, Institutes, Conference Proceedings |
| 1.1.6 |
Biographical Publications |
| 1.1.7 |
Other Publications |
| |
| 1.2 |
Basic Problems of International Law |
| 1.2.1 |
General |
| 1.2.2 |
Concept and Character |
| 1.2.2a |
Observance of public international law ("compliance") |
| 1.2.3 |
Philosophical Questions |
| 1.2.4 |
Public International Law and Politics |
| 1.2.5 |
Relationship to Conflict of Laws and Other Related Subjects |
| 1.2.6 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.3 |
History of International Law |
| |
| 1.4 |
Sources of International Law |
| 1.4.1 |
General |
| 1.4.2 |
Customary Law |
| 1.4.3 |
Treaties |
| 1.4.3.1 |
General |
| 1.4.3.2 |
Finalization and Conclusion |
| 1.4.3.3 |
Reservations |
| 1.4.3.4 |
Invalidity |
| 1.4.3.5 |
Suspension and Termination |
| 1.4.3.6 |
Interpretation |
| 1.4.3.7 |
Modification of Treaties |
| 1.4.4 |
General Principles of Law |
| 1.4.5 |
Unilateral Acts |
| 1.4.6 |
Subsidiary Sources |
| 1.4.7 |
Codification |
| 1.4.8 |
Hierarchy of Norms, Jus Cogens, Obligations erga omnes |
| 1.4.9 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.5 |
International Law and Municipal Law |
| 1.5.1 |
General |
| 1.5.2 |
Incorporation of International Law into Municipal Law |
| 1.5.2.1 |
International Treaties |
| 1.5.2.2 |
Customary International Law |
| 1.5.2.3 |
General Principles of Law |
| 1.5.3 |
Position of International Law in the Municipal Legal Order |
| 1.5.3.1 |
International Treaties |
| 1.5.3.2 |
Customary International Law |
| 1.5.3.3 |
General Principles of Law |
| 1.5.4 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.6 |
States and Other Subjects of International Law |
| 1.6.1 |
General |
| 1.6.2 |
Concept of State, Origin and Extinction of States, Recognition of States and Governments |
| 1.6.3 |
Rights and Duties of States, Intervention |
| 1.6.4 |
State Immunity |
| 1.6.5 |
Recognition of Sovereign Acts of Foreign States |
| 1.6.6 |
State Succession |
| 1.6.7 |
Dependencies and Decolonization |
| 1.6.8 |
Foreign Relations Power, Immunity |
| 1.6.9 |
Status of Certain States |
| 1.6.10 |
Espionage |
| 1.6.11 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.7 |
Groups of States |
| 1.7.1 |
General |
| 1.7.2 |
British Commonwealth |
| 1.7.3 |
French Community and Francophone States |
| 1.7.4 |
CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States |
| 1.7.5 |
Other Groups |
| |
| 1.8 |
Territory and Jurisdiction |
| 1.8.1 |
General |
| 1.8.2 |
Acquisition and Loss of Territory |
| 1.8.3 |
Jurisdiction |
| 1.8.4 |
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction |
| 1.8.5 |
Neighbourship and Regionalism |
| 1.8.6 |
Rivers, Lakes, Canals |
| 1.8.7 |
Boundaries |
| 1.8.8 |
Polar Regions |
| 1.8.9 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.9 |
Sea |
| 1.9.1 |
General |
| 1.9.2 |
High Seas |
| 1.9.3 |
Territorial Waters, Contiguous Zone, Straits |
| 1.9.4 |
Exclusive Economic Zone, Continental Shelf |
| 1.9.5 |
Deep Sea and Seabed |
| 1.9.6 |
Islands and Archipelagoes |
| 1.9.7 |
Fisheries |
| 1.9.8 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.10 |
Air and Space |
| 1.10.1 |
General |
| 1.10.2 |
Air |
| 1.10.3 |
Space |
| 1.10.4 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.11 |
Environmental Protection |
| 1.11.1 |
General |
| 1.11.2 |
Air and Space, Climate |
| 1.11.3 |
Land |
| 1.11.4 |
Lakes and Rivers |
| 1.11.5 |
Marine Areas, Polar Regions |
| 1.11.6 |
Responsibility and Liability |
| 1.11.7 |
Transboundary Co-operation |
| 1.11.8 |
Waste |
| 1.11.9 |
Nature Protection, Protection of Species, Protection of Ecosystems, Genetic Engineering |
| 1.11.10 |
Atomic Energy |
| 1.11.11 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.12 |
Human Rights |
| 1.12.1 |
General |
| 1.12.2 |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Human Rights Conventions of the United Nations |
| 1.12.3 |
Other Agreements and Standards within the Framework of the United Nations |
| 1.12.4 |
Non-Treaty Based Mechanisms for the Protection of Human Rights in the Framework of the United Nations |
| 1.12.5 |
European Convention on Human Rights |
| 1.12.6 |
European Social Charter |
| 1.12.7 |
Other Human Rights Treaties and Standards within the Framework of the Council of Europe |
| 1.12.8 |
American Convention on Human Rights |
| 1.12.9 |
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights |
| 1.12.10 |
Arabic Convention on Protection of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment |
| 1.12.11 |
Special Questions |
| 1.12.11.1 |
Institutional Questions, Declarations of Acceptance, Reservations |
| 1.12.11.2 |
Right to Life and Freedom |
| 1.12.11.2.1 |
General |
| 1.12.11.2.2 |
Right to Freedom, Slavery, Forced Labour |
| 1.12.11.2.3 |
Right to Life, Death Penalty |
| 1.12.11.3 |
Torture and Other Cruel or Inhuman Treatment or Punishment |
| 1.12.11.4 |
Prohibition of Discrimination, Women's Rights |
| 1.12.11.5 |
Procedural Guarantees |
| 1.12.11.5.1 |
General |
| 1.12.11.5.2 |
Definition of "Civil Rights and Obligations" |
| 1.12.11.5.3 |
Definition of "Criminal Charge" |
| 1.12.11.5.4 |
Definition of "Court" |
| 1.12.11.5.5 |
Right to a Hearing |
| 1.12.11.5.6 |
Fair Trial |
| 1.12.11.5.7 |
Principle of Publicity |
| 1.12.11.5.8 |
Length of Proceedings |
| 1.12.11.5.9 |
Other Problems |
| 1.12.11.6 |
Right to Effective Legal Remedies |
| 1.12.11.7 |
Legal Capacity |
| 1.12.11.8 |
Protection of Privacy and Family Life |
| 1.12.11.9 |
Protection of Marriage |
| 1.12.11.10 |
Rights of the Child |
| 1.12.11.11 |
Freedom of Movement, Freedom to Leave and Return |
| 1.12.11.12 |
Asylum and Deportation |
| 1.12.11.13 |
Property |
| 1.12.11.14 |
Freedom of Religion and Conscience |
| 1.12.11.15 |
Freedom of Opinion, Freedom of the Press, Political Participation, Elections |
| 1.12.11.16 |
Freedom of Assembly and Association, Trade Unions |
| 1.12.11.17 |
Freedom of Profession |
| 1.12.11.18 |
Economic Rights (Including Right to Work, Equal and Appropriate Pay) |
| 1.12.11.19 |
Social Rights (Including Public Health, Social Security, Adequate Living Standards, Right to Education) |
| 1.12.11.20 |
Cultural Rights, Freedom of Science and Research |
| 1.12.11.21 |
Human Rights and Environmental Protection |
| 1.12.11.22 |
Duties of Individuals |
| 1.12.11.23 |
Limits and Derogation of Individual Rights, State of Emergency |
| 1.12.11.24 |
Rights of Peoples, Right to Development |
| 1.12.12 |
Legal Consequences of Human Rights Violations |
| 1.12.12.1 |
General |
| 1.12.12.2 |
Cessation of Wrongful Conduct |
| 1.12.12.3 |
Restitution in Kind |
| 1.12.12.4 |
Compensation |
| 1.12.12.5 |
Satisfaction |
| 1.12.12.6 |
Assurance of Non-repetition |
| 1.12.12.7 |
Typical Cases |
| 1.12.12.7.1 |
Right to Property |
| 1.12.12.7.2 |
Right to Liberty |
| 1.12.12.7.3 |
Right to Fair and Speedy Proceedings |
| 1.12.12.8 |
Others |
| 1.12.13 |
Individual Applications |
| 1.12.13.1 |
General |
| 1.12.13.2 |
Standing, Right to Sue |
| 1.12.13.3 |
Exhaustion of Local Remedies |
| 1.12.13.4 |
Jurisdiction |
| 1.12.13.5 |
Termination of the Procedure |
| 1.12.13.6 |
Other Requirements for Admissibility |
| 1.12.14 |
Other Procedures |
| 1.12.14.1 |
Inter-State-Applications |
| 1.12.14.2 |
Advisory Opinions |
| 1.12.14.3 |
Interpretation of Judgments |
| 1.12.14.4 |
Others |
| 1.12.15 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.13 |
Individuals and Groups |
| 1.13.1 |
General |
| 1.13.2 |
Nationality and Statelessness |
| 1.13.3 |
Aliens and Refugees |
| 1.13.4 |
Ethnic Groups, Minorities and Aborigines |
| 1.13.5 |
Self-determination |
| 1.13.6 |
Responsibility of Individuals |
| 1.13.7 |
Diplomatic Protection and Rights of Aliens in Public International Law |
| 1.13.8 |
Immigration |
| 1.13.9 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.14 |
State Responsibility |
| 1.14.1 |
General |
| 1.14.2 |
Elements of Responsibility |
| 1.14.3 |
Justification |
| 1.14.4 |
Consequences of Responsibility |
| 1.14.5 |
Reprisals, Counter-Measures and Other Sanctions |
| 1.14.6 |
Liability for Lawful Acts |
| 1.14.7 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.15 |
Diplomacy and Consular Matters, Diplomatic and Consular Immunity |
| |
| 1.16 |
International Co-operation, International Criminal Law |
| 1.16.1 |
General |
| 1.16.2 |
Private Law Co-operation |
| 1.16.3 |
Criminal Law Co-operation |
| 1.16.4 |
Public Law Co-operation |
| 1.16.5 |
International Criminal Law, Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes, International Criminal Tribunals |
| 1.16.5.1 |
General |
| 1.16.5.2 |
Substantive Law |
| 1.16.5.3 |
Creation and Internal Structure of International Criminal Tribunals (ICTY; ICTR) |
| 1.16.5.3a |
Creation of the International Criminal Tribunal (ICT) |
| 1.16.5.4 |
Procedure |
| 1.16.5.5 |
Jurisdiction of International Tribunals |
| 1.16.5.6 |
Rights of the Accused |
| 1.16.5.7 |
States Duty to Cooperate |
| 1.16.5.8 |
Other Problems |
| 1.16.6 |
Extradition |
| 1.16.7 |
Terrorism |
| 1.16.8 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.17 |
Economy and Finance |
| 1.17.1 |
General |
| 1.17.2 |
Trade and the World Trade Organization (for WTO Panels see 1.22.4) |
| 1.17.2.1 |
General |
| 1.17.2.2 |
Origins and Development of Institutionalised Cooperation |
| 1.17.2.3 |
GATT / WTO and Competition, Anti-Dumping |
| 1.17.2.4 |
GATT / WTO and Services (GATS) |
| 1.17.2.5 |
GATT / WTO and Agriculture or Fisheries |
| 1.17.2.6 |
GATT / WTO and Intellectual Property (TRIPS) |
| 1.17.2.7 |
GATT / WTO and Environmental Protection |
| 1.17.2.8 |
GATT / WTO and Protection of Culture and Cultural Heritage |
| 1.17.2.9 |
Relationship between GATT / WTO and Municipal Law |
| 1.17.2.10 |
Relationship between GATT / WTO and European Community Law |
| 1.17.2.11 |
UN Sales Law |
| 1.17.2.12 |
Others |
| 1.17.2a |
Competition, Anti-Dumping (apart from WTO) |
| 1.17.3 |
Investment, Property, Nationalization |
| 1.17.4 |
Multinational Enterprises |
| 1.17.5 |
Development Policy |
| 1.17.6 |
Technology Transfer |
| 1.17.7 |
Raw Materials |
| 1.17.8 |
Social Policy |
| 1.17.9 |
Currency |
| 1.17.10 |
Loans |
| 1.17.11 |
Taxes |
| 1.17.12 |
Intellectual Property, Copyright Protection |
| 1.17.13 |
Services |
| 1.17.14 |
Energy |
| 1.17.15 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.18 |
Communications and Traffic |
| 1.18.1 |
General |
| 1.18.2 |
Traffic |
| 1.18.2.1 |
General |
| 1.18.2.2 |
Road and Rail Traffic |
| 1.18.2.3 |
Shipping |
| 1.18.2.4 |
Air Traffic |
| 1.18.3 |
Telecommunication and Postal Service |
| 1.18.3.1 |
General |
| 1.18.3.2 |
Telecommunication (Linguistic Service ec.) |
| 1.18.3.3 |
Internet, E-Commerce |
| 1.18.3.4 |
Electronic War Strategy ("Infowar", "Cyberwar") |
| 1.18.3.5 |
Postal Services |
| 1.18.4 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.19 |
Cultural and Technical Matters |
| 1.19.1 |
General |
| 1.19.2 |
Cultural Matters |
| 1.19.3 |
Technical Matters |
| 1.19.4 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.20 |
International Organizations (except United Nations Specialized Agencies and European Communities) |
| 1.20.1 |
General |
| 1.20.2 |
Supraregional Organizations and Institutions |
| 1.20.2.1 |
OECD |
| 1.20.2.2 |
International Red Cross (IRC) |
| 1.20.2.3 |
Others |
| 1.20.3 |
European Organizations |
| 1.20.3.1 |
Council of Europe |
| 1.20.3.2 |
OSCE - Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe |
| 1.20.3.3 |
WEU (for NATO see 1.24) |
| 1.20.3.4 |
Others |
| 1.20.4 |
American Organizations (e.g. NAFTA, Mercosur) |
| 1.20.5 |
African Organizations (e.g. OAU) |
| 1.20.6 |
Asian Organizations |
| 1.20.7 |
Other Regional Organizations |
| 1.20.8 |
Non-governmental Organizations |
| |
| 1.21 |
United Nations and Specialized Agencies |
| 1.21.1 |
General |
| 1.21.2 |
Constitution and Institutions |
| 1.21.2.1 |
General |
| 1.21.2.2 |
General Assembly |
| 1.21.2.3 |
Security Council |
| 1.21.2.4 |
Secretary-General |
| 1.21.2.5 |
Economic and Social Council (as well as Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights) |
| 1.21.2.6 |
Administrative Tribunal of the U.N. Status of Personnel |
| 1.21.2.7 |
Other Institutions |
| 1.21.2.7.1 |
International Law Commission |
| 1.21.2.7.2 |
Supervisory Committees of the Charter (Human Rights Committee, CESCR, CAT, CERD, CEDAW, CRC) |
| 1.21.2.7.3 |
Others |
| 1.21.2.8 |
Relationship between Institutions |
| 1.21.2.9 |
Charter Interpretation |
| 1.21.2.10 |
Membership, Relationship to Member States and to Headquarter States |
| 1.21.2.11 |
Budget |
| 1.21.3 |
Collective Security and Peacekeeping |
| 1.21.3.1 |
Peacekeeping Measures |
| 1.21.3.2 |
Enforcement Measures according to Chapter VII |
| 1.21.4 |
Activities in Other Areas |
| 1.21.5 |
Specialized Agencies and Quasi-autonomous Specialized Organs of the United Nations |
| 1.21.5.1 |
Trade and Development (UNCTAD, UNIDO, UNCDF, IDA) (for WTO see 1.17.2) |
| 1.21.5.2 |
Financial Organizations (IBRD, IFC, IMF) |
| 1.21.5.3 |
UNESCO |
| 1.21.5.4 |
WHO |
| 1.21.5.5 |
Nutrition and Agriculture (FAO, IFAD) |
| 1.21.5.6 |
IAEA |
| 1.21.5.7 |
ILO |
| 1.21.5.8 |
Air and Sea Navigation (ICAO, IMO) |
| 1.21.5.9 |
Communication (ITU, UPU) |
| 1.21.5.9a |
UNEP |
| 1.21.5.10 |
Other Specialized Agencies |
| 1.21.6 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.22 |
Peaceful Settlement of Dispute |
| 1.22.1 |
General |
| 1.22.2 |
International Court of Justice and Permanent Court of International Justice |
| 1.22.2.1 |
Basic Questions |
| 1.22.2.2 |
Jurisdiction and Optional Clause |
| 1.22.2.3 |
Procedural Rights |
| 1.22.2.3a |
Provisional Measures |
| 1.22.2.4 |
Judgments and Effect of Judgments |
| 1.22.2.5 |
Advisory Opinions |
| 1.22.2.6 |
Other Problems |
| 1.22.3 |
Other International Courts and Arbitral Tribunals |
| 1.22.3a |
International Tribunal For the Law of the Sea |
| 1.22.4 |
WTO Panels and Other Specialized Proceedings |
| 1.22.5 |
International Commercial Jurisdiction |
| 1.22.6 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.23 |
Peacekeeping, Use of Force, War and Armed Conflict |
| 1.23.1 |
General |
| 1.23.2 |
Peacekeeping |
| 1.23.3 |
Prohibition of Force and Exceptions |
| 1.23.4 |
Self-Defence |
| 1.23.5 |
Humanitarian Intervention |
| 1.23.6 |
Laws of War |
| 1.23.7 |
Neutrality |
| 1.23.8 |
Non-international Armed Conflict |
| 1.23.9 |
Disarmament, Prohibition of Certain Weapons, Non-proliferation of Arms |
| 1.23.10 |
Embargoes |
| 1.23.11 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 1.24 |
Alliances |
 |
| |
| 2.1 |
General |
| 2.1.1 |
Comprehensive Studies |
| 2.1.2 |
Surveys of State Practice |
| 2.1.3 |
Surveys of Judicial Decisions |
| 2.1.4 |
Surveys of Literature |
| 2.1.5 |
Institutions Promoting the Study of European Law, Academies; Learned Societies, Institutes, Conference Proceedings |
| 2.1.6 |
Biographical Publications |
| 2.1.7 |
Other Publications |
| |
| 2.2 |
Basic Problems of European Law |
| 2.2.1 |
General |
| 2.2.2 |
Fundaments of the European Idea |
| 2.2.3 |
Concept, Character and Legal Nature of European Law |
| 2.2.4 |
Scope of Application |
| 2.2.5 |
Relationship of the European Communities to the Member States and Division of Powers, Principle of Subsidiarity |
| 2.2.5.1 |
General |
| 2.2.5.2 |
Division of Powers |
| 2.2.5.3 |
Subsidiarity |
| 2.2.5.4 |
Federalism, Local Administration |
| 2.2.5.5 |
Others |
| 2.2.6 |
European Law and Politics |
| 2.2.7 |
Enlargement of the Community, Association Agreements |
| 2.2.8 |
European Union |
| 2.2.8.1 |
General |
| 2.2.8.2 |
Legal Nature of the European Union |
| 2.2.8.3 |
Further Development of the European Union |
| 2.2.8.4 |
Relationship to the European Communities |
| 2.2.8.5 |
Citizenship of the Union |
| 2.2.8.6 |
Others |
| 2.2.9 |
Democratic Legitimacy |
| 2.2.9a |
Injury of Fundamental Principles by a Member State |
| 2.2.10 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 2.3 |
History of European Law |
| |
| 2.4 |
Sources of European Law |
| 2.4.1 |
General |
| 2.4.2 |
Primary Community Law |
| 2.4.3 |
Secondary Community Law |
| 2.4.3.1 |
Regulations |
| 2.4.3.2 |
Directives |
| 2.4.3.3 |
Decisions |
| 2.4.3.4 |
Recommendations and Opinions |
| 2.4.4 |
Joint Actions by the Member States |
| 2.4.4.1 |
Intergovernmental Cooperation |
| 2.4.4.2 |
Actions According to the EU Treaty |
| 2.4.4.3 |
International Treaties and Agreements (Including Mixed Agreements) |
| 2.4.5 |
General Principles of Law |
| 2.4.6 |
Other Sources |
| |
| 2.5 |
European Law and Municipal Law |
| 2.5.1 |
General |
| 2.5.2 |
Influence of European Law on Member States Legal Order |
| 2.5.2.1 |
Interpretation of Municipal Law in Conformity with Community Law |
| 2.5.2.2 |
Constitutional Structure |
| 2.5.2.3 |
Fundamental Rights |
| 2.5.2.4 |
General Administrative Law |
| 2.5.2.5 |
Administrative Procedure |
| 2.5.2.6 |
Special Fields of Administrative Law |
| 2.5.2.7 |
Procedural Law (before Constitutional and Administrative Courts) |
| 2.5.2.8 |
Others |
| 2.5.3 |
Supervision of Community Law through Member States |
| 2.5.4 |
Harmonization of Laws |
| 2.5.5 |
Liability of Member States |
| 2.5.6 |
Transposition of Directives |
| 2.5.6.1 |
Extent of the Duty to Transpose |
| 2.5.6.2 |
Direct Applicability of Directives |
| 2.5.6.3 |
Reports on Specific Directives |
| 2.5.6.4 |
Others |
| 2.5.7 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 2.6 |
European Law and Public International Law |
| 2.6.1 |
General |
| 2.6.2 |
European Communities as Subjects of Public International Law, |
| 2.6.3 |
Validity of General Rules of Public International Law |
| 2.6.4 |
Validity of Public International Law Treaties |
| 2.6.5 |
Membership in International Organizations |
| 2.6.6 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 2.7 |
Institutions of the European Communities |
| 2.7.1 |
General |
| 2.7.2 |
Council |
| 2.7.3 |
European Commission |
| 2.7.4 |
European Parliament |
| 2.7.5 |
Court of Justice |
| 2.7.6 |
Committee of the Regions |
| 2.7.7 |
Court of Auditors |
| 2.7.8 |
Economic and Social Committee |
| 2.7.9 |
European Investment Bank |
| 2.7.10 |
European Council |
| 2.7.10a |
European Central Bank |
| 2.7.11 |
Other Organs and Institutions |
| |
| 2.8 |
Community Legislation |
| 2.8.1 |
General |
| 2.8.2 |
Principle of Conferred Powers, "effet utile", Implied Powers and Article 235 of EC Treaty |
| 2.8.3 |
Legislative Procedures |
| 2.8.3.1 |
Legislation by the Council |
| 2.8.3.2 |
Participation of the European Parliament |
| 2.8.3.3 |
Legislation by the Commission |
| 2.8.4 |
Other Problems and New Developments in European Law |
| |
| 2.9 |
Administrative Enforcement in the European Communities |
| 2.9.1 |
General |
| 2.9.2 |
Organization of Administration |
| 2.9.3 |
Administrative Procedures |
| 2.9.4 |
Special Administrative Law |
| 2.9.5 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 2.10 |
Personnel Law in the European Communities |
| 2.10.1 |
General |
| 2.10.2 |
European Civil Servant Law |
| 2.10.3 |
Status of other Public Servants |
| 2.10.4 |
Collective Service Rights |
| 2.10.5 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 2.11 |
Financial Regulations |
| 2.11.1 |
General |
| 2.11.2 |
Finances |
| 2.11.3 |
Budget, Revenue of the European Communities, Taxes |
| 2.11.4 |
Community Finances outside the Budget |
| 2.11.5 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 2.12 |
Legal Protection in European Law |
| 2.12.1 |
General |
| 2.12.2 |
Organization of the European Court of Justice |
| 2.12.3 |
Jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice |
| 2.12.4 |
Types of Actions |
| 2.12.4.1 |
General |
| 2.12.4.2 |
Infringement Procedures |
| 2.12.4.2.1 |
General |
| 2.12.4.2.2 |
Requirements for Admissibility |
| 2.12.4.2.3 |
Sanctions |
| 2.12.4.3 |
Action for Annulment |
| 2.12.4.4 |
Action Against Failure to Act |
| 2.12.4.5 |
Actions by Community Civil Servants |
| 2.12.4.6 |
Advisory Opinions |
| 2.12.5 |
Requests for Preliminary Rulings |
| 2.12.5.1 |
General |
| 2.12.5.2 |
Requirements for Admissibility |
| 2.12.5.3 |
Requests for Preliminary Rulings in Specific Cases |
| 2.12.5.3a |
Decisions of the ECJ Concerning Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters ("Third Pillar") |
| 2.12.5.4 |
Others |
| 2.12.6 |
Procedural Law |
| 2.12.6.1 |
General |
| 2.12.6.2 |
Definition of the Claim |
| 2.12.6.3 |
Plurality of Parties, Intervention |
| 2.12.6.4 |
Plurality, Change, Settlement and Withdrawal of Claims |
| 2.12.6.5 |
Rules of Evidence |
| 2.12.6.6 |
Interim Measures |
| 2.12.6.7 |
Reopening of Procedures |
| 2.12.6.8 |
Execution of Judgments, Remedies |
| 2.12.6.8a |
Right of Appeal |
| 2.12.6.9 |
Other Problems |
| 2.12.7 |
Court of First Instance |
| 2.12.8 |
Other Problems |
| |
| 2.13 |
Non-Contractual Liability of the European Communities |
| |
| 2.14 |
Fundamental Rights in European Law |
| 2.14.1 |
General |
| 2.14.2 |
General Principles and Theory of Fundamental Rights |
| 2.14.2.1 |
Basis of Validity, Legal Sources |
| 2.14.2.2 |
Binding Force of Fundamental Rights, Validity and Scope of Application |
| 2.14.2.3 |
Functions of Fundamental Rights |
| 2.14.2.4 |
Infringement of Rights and Justifications |
| 2.14.2.5 |
Conflicting and Competing Fundamental Rights |
| 2.14.2a |
European Charter of Fundamental Rights |
| 2.14.2a.1 |
General |
| 2.14.2a.2 |
Development |
| 2.14.2a.3 |
Legal Nature |
| 2.14.2a.4 |
Field of Application |
| 2.14.2a.5 |
Assertion |
| 2.14.2a.6 |
Relation to ECHR |
| 2.14.3 |
Individual Fundamental Rights |
| 2.14.3.1 |
Freedom of Trade and Economic Activities, Freedom of Profession, Freedom of Competition |
| 2.14.3.2 |
Property |
| 2.14.3.3 |
Freedom of Association |
| 2.14.3.4 |
Working Conditions, Collective Social Rights, Social Protection |
| 2.14.3.5 |
Freedom of Movement |
| 2.14.3.6 |
Freedom of Opinion and Information, Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion |
| 2.14.3.7 |
Freedom of Radio and Television, Freedom of the Press |
| 2.14.3.8 |
Freedom of Assembly |
| 2.14.3.9 |
Freedom of Art, Science, Research and Education |
| 2.14.3.10 |
Protection of Marriage and Family |
| 2.14.3.11 |
Education and Training |
| 2.14.3.12 |
Human Dignity, Life, Bodily Integrity, Personal Liberty, Security |
| 2.14.3.13 |
Inviolability of the Home and Business Premises, Post and Telecommunications |
| 2.14.3.14 |
General Freedom of Action |
| 2.14.3.15 |
Principle of Equality and Prohibition of Discrimination |
| 2.14.3.15.1 |
General |
| 2.14.3.15.2 |
Discrimination Based on Nationality |
| 2.14.3.15.3 |
Discrimination Based on Sex |
| 2.14.3.15.4 |
Positive Discrimination, Affirmative Action |
| 2.14.3.15.5 |
Other Problems |
| 2.14.3.16 |
Procedural Rights |
| 2.14.3.17 |
Protection of Personnel Data |
| 2.14.3.18 |
Other Fundamental Rights |
| |
| 2.15 |
Basic Freedoms of the European Communities |
| 2.15.0 |
General |
| 2.15.1 |
Free Movement of Goods |
| 2.15.2 |
Free Movement of Workers |
| 2.15.3 |
Right of Establishment |
| 2.15.4 |
Right to Provide Services |
| 2.15.5 |
Freedom Movement of Capital and Payment |
| 2.15.6 |
Justification of encroachment (interference), System of Bars |
| 2.15.7 |
Effect to Third Party |
| 2.15.8 |
Obligation to protect |
| |
| 2.16 |
Policies of the European Communities |
| 2.16.1 |
Cooperation in the Sphere of Justice and Home Affairs |
| 2.16.1.1 |
General |
| 2.16.1.2 |
Police Cooperation, Combatting Crime, Europol |
| 2.16.1.3 |
Judicial Cooperation, International Cooperation Agreements, Eurojust |
| 2.16.1.4 |
Schengen-Agreement |
| 2.16.1.5 |
European Criminal Law |
| 2.16.1.6 |
Right of Asylum and Aliens |
| 2.16.2 |
Common Foreign and Security Policy |
| 2.16.3 |
Economy |
| 2.16.3.1 |
Economic Policy |
| 2.16.3.2 |
Banking Law, Loans and Securities |
| 2.16.3.3 |
Company Law |
| 2.16.3.4 |
Others |
| 2.16.4 |
Competition and Cartel |
| 2.16.4.0 |
General |
| 2.16.4.1 |
Merger Control |
| 2.16.4.2 |
Abuse of a Dominant Position |
| 2.16.4.3 |
Prohibition of Concentrations |
| 2.16.4.4 |
Public Undertakings |
| 2.16.4.5 |
Judicial Protection |
| 2.16.4.5a |
Public Procurement |
| 2.16.4.6 |
Others |
| 2.16.5 |
Trade |
| 2.16.6 |
Transportation |
| 2.16.7 |
Technology, Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology |
| 2.16.8 |
Telecommunications |
| 2.16.8.1 |
General |
| 2.16.8.2 |
Telecommunication (Linguistic Services, Mobile Phoning) |
| 2.16.8.3 |
Internet, E-Commerce |
| 2.16.8.4 |
Postal Services |
| 2.16.9 |
Energy |
| 2.16.10 |
Agriculture and Fisheries |
| 2.16.10.1 |
General |
| 2.16.10.2 |
Common Agricultural Policy |
| 2.16.10.3 |
Special Questions on Agricultural Law |
| 2.16.10.4 |
Fishery |
| 2.16.10.5 |
Agriculture and Consumer Protection |
| 2.16.11 |
Regional Matters |
| 2.16.12 |
Environment |
| 2.16.12.1 |
General |
| 2.16.12.2 |
Protection of Species and Ecosystems |
| 2.16.12.3 |
Pollutants |
| 2.16.12.4 |
Waste |
| 2.16.13 |
Health |
| 2.16.14 |
Consumer Protection |
| 2.16.15 |
Science, Research and Information |
| 2.16.16 |
Social Policy |
| 2.16.17 |
Labour Law |
| 2.16.17.1 |
Commencement and Termination of Employment |
| 2.16.17.2 |
Remuneration, Equality of Pay |
| 2.16.17.3 |
Safety of Employees |
| 2.16.17.4 |
Vocational Training |
| 2.16.17.5 |
Workers from Non-Member States |
| 2.16.17.6 |
Others |
| 2.16.18 |
Intellectual Property |
| 2.16.19 |
Trademark Law, Patent Law |
| 2.16.20 |
Insurance Law |
| 2.16.21 |
Tax Law |
| 2.16.22 |
Development Policy (ACP Agreements) |
| 2.16.23 |
Internal Market |
| 2.16.24 |
Currency (ECU and Euro) |
| 2.16.25 |
Subventions and Public Procurement |
| 2.16.25a |
Culture, Sports, Education |
| 2.16.26 |
Other Areas |
| |
| 2.17 |
ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community |
| |
| 2.18 |
Euratom - European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC) |
| |
| 2.19 |
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) and EEA (European Economic Area) |
 |